妊娠糖尿病孕妇饮食习惯及饮食结构分析  

ANALYSIS OF FOOD HABITS AND COMPONENTS OF DIET IN WOMEN WITH GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS

作　　者：程娟[1] 韩磊[2] 徐金娥[3] 梁惠[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛大学医学院营养所,山东青岛266071 [2]青岛大学医学院附属医院营养科,山东青岛266071 [3]青岛大学医学院附属医院产科,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《青岛大学医学院学报》2013年第4期329-331,334,共4页Acta Academiae Medicinae Qingdao Universitatis

摘　　要：目的分析妊娠糖尿病(GDM)孕妇的饮食习惯、饮食结构特点,为GDM孕妇合理饮食提供参考。方法选择确诊的GDM孕妇96例为研究对象(GDM组),另选正常孕妇96例为对照组,应用问卷调查孕妇饮食习惯,以食物频率调查和24h膳食回顾法结合分析GDM孕妇的饮食结构、能量及三大营养素的摄入和其食物来源。结果 GDM组薯芋类、畜肉类、水果和坚果的摄入量高于对照组(t=2.695～13.052,P<0.05),粗杂粮、禽肉、深海鱼类和豆浆的摄入量低于对照组(t=3.389～6.268,P<0.05)。GDM组每日总能量、脂肪和蛋白质的摄入量高于对照组(t=3.871～9.192,P<0.05),膳食中脂肪的供能比高于对照组(t′=8.548,P<0.05),碳水化合物的供能比低于对照组(t=6.417,P<0.05)。GDM组膳食中畜肉类来源的蛋白质高于对照组(t=17.245,P<0.05),禽肉和深海鱼类及豆类来源的蛋白质低于对照组(t=2.238～5.186,P<0.05)。GDM组畜肉类来源的脂肪和植物来源的脂肪多于对照组(t=13.052、5.781,P<0.05),鱼类来源的脂肪少于对照组(t=6.268,P<0.05)。GDM组粗杂粮来源的碳水化合物低于对照组(t=6.173,P<0.05),薯芋类和水果来源的碳水化合物高于对照组(t=2.785,t′=7.618,P<0.05)。结论 GDM孕妇饮食习惯、饮食结构及能量和三大营养素摄入不合理。孕妇在妊娠期间应调整不合理的饮食结构,预防GDM的发生。Objective To analyze the food habits and components of diet in gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM） women so as to provide a refference of reasonable diet for them. Methods Ninety-six GDM women were enrolled in this study, and 96 normal pregnang women served as controls. A questionaire was used to inquire their food habits. Food frequency survey combined with 24-hour dietary recall method was applied to analyze the GDM women＇s components of diet, energy and three nutrients intake as well as their food source. Results The intake of yam, meat, fruits and nuts was higher in GDM group that the control （t= 2.695 13.052,P〈0.05）; while that of grains, poultry, deep-sea fishes, soy milk was lower （t=3.389--6.268,P〈0.05）. Com- pared with the control group, the total daily intake of energy, fat and protein in GDM group was higher （t= 3.871- 9.192, P 0.05）, the energy contribution from fat in diet was higher （t＇= 8.548,P〈0.05）, and the energy contribution from carbohydrates was lower （t=6.417,P〈0.05）. In GDM group, the protein from sourse of meats was higher than in the control group （t= 17.245 ,P〈0.05）, while that from poultry, deep-sea fishes and soy protein was lower （t =2.238--5.186,P〈0.05）. For the sourse of carbohydrates, less was from coarse grains in the DGM than those in the control group （t =6.173,P〈0.05）, that from yam and fruits was higher （t=2.785,t＇=7.618;P〈0.05）. Conclusion The food habits, components of diet and intake of three major nutrients are not reasonable in GDM women. To prevent the occurre of GDM, the incorrect components of diet should be adjusted during pregnancy.

关 键 词：糖尿病 妊娠 饮食习惯 膳食碳水化合物 膳食脂肪 膳食蛋白质类 

分 类 号：R714.256[医药卫生—妇产科学]