烤烟烟叶淀粉颗粒结构特征与基本特性  

Structural characteristics and properties of starch granules in flue-cured tobacco leaves

作　　者：贺帆[1] 王涛[1] 王梅[1] 史龙飞[1] 李伟 王勇军[3] 宫长荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院,郑州文化路95号450002 [2]湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司,恩施施州大道119号445000 [3]河南省烟草公司三门峡市公司,三门峡上阳中路472000

出　　处：《中国烟草学报》2013年第3期49-53,共5页Acta Tabacaria Sinica

基　　金：国家烟草专卖局重大专项资助项目(TS-01-2011006)

摘　　要：为明确烟叶淀粉颗粒结构和特性,合理调控烤后烟叶淀粉含量,采用环境扫描电子显微镜、X-射线衍射仪和同步热分析仪测定了云烟87、中烟103和中烟202三个品种田间成熟烟叶的淀粉颗粒结构特征、晶体特性和热特性。结果表明:三个品种田间成熟烟叶淀粉颗粒主要为圆球形和长圆柱状,个别呈不规则形状,平均粒径为3～4μm;长圆柱状和不规则形状的淀粉颗粒上存在明显的层状结构,且中烟103和中烟202两个品种的烟叶淀粉表面的层状结构明显多于并较云烟87明显;X-射线衍射均为"B"型模式,品种间相对结晶度差异明显;烟叶淀粉颗粒的糊化起始温度较低,但糊化峰值温度、终止温度和糊化焓较高,三个品种之间的各糊化温度略有差异,但糊化焓差异较大;热焓值随着结晶度的降低而降低。Structure, crystalline and thermal properties of starch granules in matured tobacco leaves from Yunyan87, Zhongyanl03 and Zhongyan202 were determined by environmental scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer and simultaneous thermal analyzer. Results showed that most starch granules were spheroidal and long cylindrical, while others were irregular shape. The average diameter was 3gm-4gm. Layer structure was found on the surface of long cylindrical and irregular starch granules. The layer structure of Zhongyan103 and Zhongyan202 were more than Yunyan87. X-ray diffraction showed that relative crystallinities among three cultivars were significantly different, although they all showed B type diffraction spectrum. Thermal analysis showed that initial gelatinization temperature of starch granule was low, but peak temperature, terminal temperature and gelatinization enthalpy were high. There were no significant differences in gelatinization temperatures among cultivars. Gelatinization enthalpy decreased when relative crystallinity decreased.

关 键 词：烤烟 淀粉 颗粒结构 晶体特性 热特性 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]