小四轮田间行走对四川丘陵旱地土壤特性及冬小麦幼苗生长的影响  

Effects of Small Wheeled Tractor Traffic on Soil Properties and Seedling Growth of Winter Wheat in Sichuan Hilly Areas

作　　者：陈溢[1] 樊高琼[1] 乔善宝[2] 郑亭[1] 李金刚[1] 淳雁[1] 荣晓椒[1] 李国瑞[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院,农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,成都611130 [2]四川省农业技术推广总站,成都610041

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2013年第3期194-198,203,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：四川省学术与技术带头人培养基金项目;四川省麦类作物创新团队科研项目;四川省育种攻关项目(2011NZ0098-15-3)

摘　　要：以四川丘陵地区广泛使用的小四轮拖拉机为对象,研究其田间行走对丘陵旱地土壤特性及冬小麦幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,小四轮行走造成0-20cm土层压实,土壤容重和土壤机械阻力增加,孔隙度减少,土壤水分下渗受到抑制。压实不会影响冬小麦的出苗率和最高苗,但会延迟分蘖发生,降低分蘖成穗率,减少有效穗数。压实显著减弱了幼苗素质,表现为根系长度、根系表面积和根系活力下降,根系直径增加,株高、叶面积、干物重、根冠比显著下降,最终减产9.7%。因此,四川丘陵旱地小麦机播过程中,应采取有效措施减轻机械压实。Based on the small wheeled tractor which was widely used in Sichuan hilly areas,the effects of small wheeled tractor traffic on soil properties and seedling growth of winter wheat were investigated.The results showed that small wheeled tractor traffic caused soil compaction within 0-20 cm depth.Soil bulk density and mechanical resistance increased,while soil porosity and water infiltration amount decreased.Soil compaction had no effects on seeding rate and the peak tiller number of winter wheat,but tiller time was delayed,percentage of fertile tiller and effective spike number were decreased.In addition,soil compaction could significantly weaken the seeding quality.Root length,root surface-area and root activity were decreased,but root average diameter was increased.Meanwhile,plant height,leaf area,dry matter height and root-shoot ratio were decreased,and grain yield was decreased by 9.7%.Therefore,in the process of mechanical sowing wheat in Sichuan hilly areas,effective measures should be taken to alleviate soil compaction.

关 键 词：小四轮 土壤压实 冬小麦 幼苗生长 小麦产量 

分 类 号：S152.5[农业科学—土壤学]