大亚湾石化排污区海域冬季生态环境质量评价  

Ecological Environment Quality Assessment on Petrochemical Sewage Discharge Waters of Daya Bay in Winter

作　　者：徐娇娇[1,2] 徐姗楠[1] 李纯厚[1] 刘永[1] 林琳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,农业部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室,广州510300 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2013年第7期1456-1466,共11页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31100362);广东省科技计划项目(2009B030600002);热带海洋环境国家重点实验室开放课题(中国科学院南海海洋研究所;LTO1106);广东省低碳发展专项资金项目(2012-007)

摘　　要：根据2012年1月的海洋生态调查数据,从海水环境质量(包括海水营养结构与营养水平)、沉积环境质量、初级生产力和饵料生物水平4个指标评价了大亚湾石化排污区海域生态环境质量现状,并利用综合指数法对海域生态环境质量进行了综合评价。结果表明:海域水质因子DO、BOD5、CODMn、硫化物、PO3-4-P、DIN、Cu、Pb、Cd含量均符合第二类海水水质标准,66.7%站位的石油类污染物、91.7%站位的pH和个别站位的Zn含量超过第二类海水水质标准,水质综合污染指数均值为1.215,海水水质总体处于轻度污染状态,有机污染状况属于优良等级,尚未受明显有机污染;海水营养水平属于中高营养等级,沉积物各指标均符合第一类沉积物质量标准,沉积物质量综合污染指数均值为0.478,表明沉积环境质量良好;初级生产力属中等水平,浮游植物、浮游动物和底栖生物生物量丰度很高。海洋生态环境综合质量指数为1.129,属轻度污染。结合生物体残毒(总TPHs)等历史调查数据分析结果表明,调查海域生态环境质量现状属于轻度污染,主要污染物为石油类污染物。今后应加强对该海域生态环境的监测,尤其是对石油类污染物的优先控制。Daya bay, a typical subtropical marine genetic resource pool in the South China Sea, is one of the most important inshore fisheries areas in Guangdong province. However, the marine environments has been threatened and effected by rapid developments of the petrochemical industry in recent years. In current study, the ecological environment quality has been assessed. Based on the ecological and environmental investigation in January 2012, the states of ecological environment quality of the Daya Bay petrochemical sewage discharge waters was assessed with four factors, including sea water quality, nutrient structure and level, sediment quality, primary productivity and food organism level. The comprehensive index method was used for integrated assessment, as well. The results show that most of the water quality factors, including dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, sulfide, phosphorus, dissolved inorganic nitrogen and heavy metals of Cu, Pb and Cd, were all conforming to Grade II of the National Sea Water Quality Standard of China. However, some factors, including petroleum hydrocarbon of 66.7% sites, pH of 91.7% sites, and Zn of several sites, exceed the Grade II of the National Standard with the average value of water quality comprehensive index at 1.215. The status of above factors consequently reached a low-level pollution without any pollution caused by organic pollutants. What makes unoptimistic is the concentration of nutrients in sea water is relatively high. Fortunately, the quality of sediment is very good and conforming to the Grade I of National Marine Sediment Quality Standard, with the com prehensive pollution index at 0.478. Furthermore, the status of primary productivity reached the level of medium because of the high abundance of phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthic. According to the references and data of this study, the investigated petrochemical sewage discharge waters of Daya Bay was slight polluted by total petroleum hydrocarbons（TPHs）, with the ecological

关 键 词：石化排污 海洋生态环境 环境评价 大亚湾 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]