4周1900m高原训练对男子短距离自行车运动员无氧代谢能力的影响  

Effect of Four Weeks’ 1900-m Altitude Training on Anaerobic Capacity of Male Track-Sprinted Cyclists

作　　者：马国强[1,2] 李之俊[2] 梁效忠[3] 倪大海[3] 

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院运动科学学院,上海200438 [2]上海体育科学研究所,上海200030 [3]上海体育职业学院,上海201100

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2013年第4期60-67,共8页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：上海市体育局科研攻关与科技服务项目(10JT023)

摘　　要：目的:探讨4周1 900m高原训练对短距离自行车运动员无氧代谢能力的影响。方法:上海自行车队7名男子场地自行车短距离运动员进行为期4周的海拔1 900m高原训练。每周训练安排相同,包括公路有氧课5节、场地专项课4节、身体力量课2节,训练负荷逐渐增加,第4周减量调整。分别在高原训练前、后相同时间测试空腹体成分,进行15s最大频率、最大功率测试,以及45s×2组(间歇20min)功率维持能力测试,选取时间点测试HR和BLa,并计算15s分段功率;分别在高原训练前、结束后和结束2周后采静脉血测试血常规、T、C,高原训练1周后相同方法加测血常规。结果:1)高原训练后运动员体重、体脂%、骨骼肌质量和脂肪质量没有显著变化(P>0.05);2)高原训练后血红蛋白和红细胞压积分别提高了7.4%和6.9%(P<0.05),而睾酮提高了22.9%(P<0.01);3)高原训练后15s骑行测试中的最大频率无变化,最大功率仅提高2.4%(P>0.05);4)高原训练后两组45s测试中的最大和平均功率均无显著变化(P>0.05),但一、二组间的最大功率下降率和平均功率下降率分别降低40.5%和51.8%(P<0.01),且第一组结束后3min、第二组开始前和第二组结束后3min的血乳酸分别降低了11.2%、21.2%和9.5%(P<0.01),而20min间歇期内的乳酸消除率明显提高。结论:4周1 900m高原训练未对自行车短距离运动员的最大频率和最大功率产生显著影响,但以糖酵解代谢供能为主的重复做功和做功维持能力,以及疲劳消除能力均有所提高。Objective：This paper investigates the effect of four weeks＇ 1900 m altitude training （AT） on anaerobic capacity of male track-sprinted cyclists. Methods： Seven elite Shanghai male track-sprinted cyclists performed four weeks＇ 1900-m AT. The schedule of the different capacity training was almost same in every week, which was consisted of five aerobic training sessions, four specific track training sessions and two strength training sessions. The training load increased gradually, but the volume of training decreased in the last week. The tests of the fasting body composition, maximum riding cadence （Cmax） and power （ Pmax）, 45 s×2 （20min rest） power resistant were performed respectively at the same time of the different days before and after AT. HR and BLa were detected during the 45s×2 riding tests and the 15s split power was also calculated. Blood routine, testosterone （T） and cortisol （C） was test- ed respectively before, after and two weeks after AT. Blood routine was also tested after the first week of AT. Results：1） The body weight, fat percent, muscle and fat mass had no change after AT （P〉0.05）. 2） The Hb and Het increased 7. 4% and 6. 9% respectively （P〈0. 05） after AT. T also increased 22.9% significantly at the same time. 3） In the two different 15 s riding tests after AT, Cmax had no change and Pmax only increased 2.4% （P〉0. 05）. 4） In the 45s×2 riding test after AT, the maximum and average power didn＇t have significant changes, but Dpmax and Dpavr decreased 40.5% and 51.8% respectively （P〈0. 01）. Moreo- ver, BLa at the 3rd minute after the 1 st group, before the 2nd group and at the 3rd minute af- ter the 2nd group decreased 11.2%, 21.2 % and 9.5% respectively （P〈0. 01）. The BLa e- liminated rate increased obviously after AT. Conclusions：Four weeks＇ 1900m AT had no sig- nificant effect on maximum cadence and power of male track-sprinted cyclists. But AT im- proved the capability of repeated producing and resistant power w

关 键 词：自行车 短距离 运动员 高原训练 无氧代谢能力 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]