典型河谷型城市冬季热场分布和热岛效应特征及其驱动机制研究——以兰州市为例  

Thermal Field Distribution and Heat Island Effects in a Typical Valley-City in Winter

作　　者：李国栋[1] 张俊华[1] 赵自胜[1] 王乃昂[2] 程弘毅[2] 田海峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南大学环境与规划学院,开封475000 [2]兰州大学资源环境学院,兰州730000

出　　处：《资源科学》2013年第7期1463-1473,共11页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:41101088;40901021);河南省教育厅科学技术研究重点项目(编号:12A170002);河南大学自然科学基础研究项目(编号:2011YBZR034);河南大学资源与环境研究所项目(编号:HD-ZHS-2012-01)

摘　　要：应用城市气候流动观测、定点观测、GIS空间分析等方法,模拟分析典型河谷型城市—兰州市的冬季热场、湿度场空间结构特征和演变规律;通过波文比系统观测实验,分析地-气能量交换过程和能量平衡特征,从根源上解释城市热场演变和城市热岛效应产生的能量驱动机制。利用观测数据,结合兰州城区和郊区气象台站1958-2004年的常规气象观测资料,分析冬季热岛强度的日、季节和年际变化特征,兰州市冬季热岛强度夜间强,白昼弱,一日中热岛强度最高的时段主要集中在子夜前后;个别时段的正午前后会出现短暂的城市"冷岛"现象;冬季热岛强度最强,夏季最弱,春秋居中;兰州市近50年热岛强度逐渐增强,线性趋势达到0.46℃/10a。定量分析城市化指数与热岛强度变化的关系,发现兰州市总人口、建筑面积与城市热岛强度都呈显著的线性相关关系。研究结果为河谷型城市的大气污染治理、生态环境建设、城市规划、土地利用等提供理论参考。Lanzhou is a typical valley-city where by the thermal structure characteristics and evolution has its own characteristics.Using climate mobile observations,fixed-point observations and GIS spatial analysis,the distribution pattern and evolution of temperature and humidity in winter was simulated in Lanzhou city.Results showed there were two hot centers at 8：30am.One of these hot centers was the traditional business area where the temperature was about 1.5 ℃ higher than the average temperature for the whole area.The second hot center was located in the posts and telecommunications building belonging to the Lanzhou railway bureau and Kingland apartments（an important business center in the 1980s and 1990s） where the temperature was about 1.6 ℃ higher than the average temperature.At 14：30pm,the hot center was located in the triangle area around Lanzhou railway bureau,the second thermal power plant and the Yantan furniture market.At 8：30am,the high humidity area was located in the vicinity of Gaojiatan village,Liujiatan,Fulongping,Zhongshanlin,and Wuquanshan park.At 14：30pm,the humidity field was different and the high intensity area was mainly located in the western,north-east and northern parts of Chengguan district.Heat island intensity in winter was strong at night and weak in the day.Heat island intensity was strongest in winter and weakest in summer.In the past five decades,the heat island intensity has gradually increased and the linear trend is 0.46 ℃ /10a.Quantitative analysis showed a linear correlation between population,construction area and urban heat island intensity.Lanzhou urban heat island intensity has a significant linear relationship with population（correlation coefficient=0.8774）,and also a significant linear relationship with the construction area（correlation coefficient=0.7476）.

关 键 词：热场 热岛效应 地表能量通量 河谷型城市 兰州市 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]