浙西地区典型节能灯加工集聚区大气气态总汞污染特征研究  

Pollution characteristics of total gaseous mercury in the typical energy-saving lamps industry cluster district of western Zhejiang province

作　　者：赵海侠[1] 陶奕[1] 胡保国[1] 蒋晨[1] 方晓波[1] 李松[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学环境与资源学院,浙江杭州311300

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2013年第6期1020-1024,共5页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家水专项子课题(2008ZX07101-006-08-A);校人才启动项目(2010FR035)

摘　　要：汞是最具危害性的全球性重金属污染物,而节能灯生产引起的汞污染问题则日益突出。选取浙西地区某典型节能灯加工集聚区为研究对象,等间距设置7个采样点及1个对照点,每3个月采样一次,采用多台高时间分辨率自动测汞仪（Tekran2537A）对集聚区周边环境中大气气态总汞（TGM）开展了为期2 a的实时同步观测,通过分析节能灯加工集聚区TGM质量浓度特征及其时空变化特征,旨在明确规模化节能灯加工产业对当地大气环境的影响,明晰其大气汞污染现状,以期为后续深入研究和环境修复提供理论支持。结果表明：浙西地区典型节能灯加工集聚区TGM质量浓度[（3.22±0.78）ng.m-3]显著高于全球TGM质量浓度背景值（1.5-2.0 ng.m-3）和研究区设置对照点TGM质量浓度水平[（1.20±0.35）ng.m-3],显示集聚区大气已受到一定程度的汞污染。同时,研究区内各采样点TGM质量浓度波动幅度较大（0.93-6.74 ng.m-3）,说明节能灯加工带来的人为排汞对采样点环境影响显著。此外,节能灯加工集聚区TGM质量浓度具有明显的季节性和空间异质性。在季节上表现为：冬季〉秋季〉夏季〉春季,受研究区温度和土壤环境条件影响较大,且TGM质量浓度波动情况与当地春耕秋种时节较为频繁的人为活动情况相一致。在水平分布上表现为：随节能灯加工集聚区中心距离的增加而逐渐减小,各采样点组间TGM质量浓度标准差变化幅度大,组内变化不大,说明汞的大气传输和扩散可能与空气的稀释作用、汞的干湿沉降及地形、风向、风速等因素有关,同时,小范围内空气交换速度不大,TGM质量浓度保持相对稳定。因此,浙西地区节能灯加工产业已对当地大气环境产生了一定的影响,必须采取有效措施控制节能灯加工带来的大气汞污染问题。Mercury （Hg） is the most dangerous heavy metal pollutant globally. The current research focused on mercury pollution problems from energy-saving lamp processing industry. A typical energy-saving lamps industrial cluster of western Zhejiang Province was selected as the study object, and total gaseous mercury （TGM） concentrations of seven sampling points at an equal interval distance and one control point were monitored synchronously every three months by using multiple high time resolution automatic mercury analyzer （Tekran2537A） for two years. The characteristics of TGM mass concentration, and its temporal and spatial distribution were analyzed to better understand the environmental influence caused by the large scale energy-saving lamps industry, and to provide information for further research and environmental remediation. The results showed that the average mass concentration of TGM [（3.22±0.78） ng.m-3] in the industrial area was much higher than that of global TGM background value （1.5-2.0 ng·m^3） and the control point [（1.20±0.35） ng.m3], indicating the atmospheric Hg pollution in the industrial area. Meanwhile, the mass concentration of Hg had a larger fluctuation in mercury concentrations at different sampling points. Besides, TGM mass concentrations showed a seasonal variation in the following sequence： winter〉summer〉autumn〉 spring, and a spatial variation that the TGM mass concentrations declined with the increase of the distance from the industrial area. TGM mass concentrations fluctuated in accordance with the frequent fanning activities in spring and autumn seasons, as well as the air temperature and soil properties. The atmospheric Hg transfer and diffusion were influenced by the air dilution, dry and wet deposition of rig, terrain, wind direction and velocity, etc. It is concluded that energy-saving lamps industry has caused air pollution, and effective measures must be adopted to control the atmospheric Hg pollution in the industrial area.

关 键 词：节能灯 加工区 气态汞 污染特征 

分 类 号：X131[环境科学与工程—环境科学]