功利主义对见义勇为行为的解释力  

The Explanatory Power of Utilitarianism to Taking up the Cudgels for a Just Cause

作　　者：李丽丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳师范大学哲学与政治学院,辽宁沈阳110034

出　　处：《南昌大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2013年第4期58-63,共6页Journal of Nanchang University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"柏拉图爱欲思想研究"(13YJC720022)

摘　　要：鉴于见义勇为的行为日益隐退,取而代之的是人与人之间的漠视,因而,亟需一种解释力极强的道德哲学来证明见义勇为之行为的正当性与可行性。功利主义就是这样一种道德哲学。它把最大多数人的最大幸福作为行为的最高指导原则。然而,根据密尔的功利主义,我们没有要求他人对我们仁慈的绝对权利,同时,我们却有不危及他人安全的绝对义务,这就是正义的要求。如果实现了正义,也就不那么需要见义勇为了。因此,功利主义的最大幸福原理要求把他人需要做出见义勇为行为的次数降到最低,因为功利主义不主张通过自我牺牲来实现利益总和的最大化,而是自我利益与他人利益的协调一致,这需要个人、社会和他人对安全承担起各自的责任。Owing to the increasing disappearance of taking up the cudgels for a just cause,instead of the indifference and looking on with folded arms,a kind of moral philosophy with a strong explanatory power is expected to justify taking up the cudgels for a just cause.Utilitarianism is just the one.It considers the most people’s largest happiness as the supreme leading principle.However,according to Mill’s utilitarianism,we have no absolute right to require others to be charitable with us,while we have one absolute duty not to endanger others’ safety,which is what justice requires us to do.We would have no much need to taking up the cudgels for a just cause if we have realized justice.Therefore,the principle of largest happiness of utilitarianism requires the time to taking up the cudgels for a just cause to the least,because utilitarianism doesn’t propose to realize the largest of interest by self-sacrifice and on the contrary,it promotes the coordination of self-interest and others’ interest,which needs individuals,society and others to be engaged in their respective duty.

关 键 词：功利主义 见义勇为 密尔 安全 正义 

分 类 号：B82-064[哲学宗教—伦理学] B822.1