根系分区交替灌溉条件下水肥供应对番茄有机酸含量的影响  

Effect of water and fertilizers on organic acid content of tomato under alternate partial root-zone irrigation

作　　者：陈思[1] 牛晓丽[1] 周振江[1] 代顺冬[1] 胡田田[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2013年第4期16-20,共5页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51279169;50939005);国家863计划项目(2011AA100504)

摘　　要：环渤海区淡水资源匮乏,咸水资源丰富,为解决水资源短缺以及微咸水灌溉引起土壤盐渍化问题,研究了在微咸水灌溉条件下,基质栽培对番茄、青椒和茄子生长发育的影响,以土壤栽培为对照,基质为腐熟秸秆、珍珠岩和炉渣按质量比1B1B1混合,深30cm,整个生育期灌溉3g#L-1微咸水。结果表明:基质栽培条件下番茄和茄子的生长发育受到显著抑制,相对于土壤栽培,株高分别下降44.1%和25.1%,生物量分别下降80.4%和48.9%,产量下降49.2%和27.6%;青椒的株高和生物量下降15.2%和27.0%,但是产量没有显著变化。通过测定基质和土壤的盐分,发现在基质栽培条件下蔬菜受到盐分胁迫,植株耐盐性能降低,细胞膜完整性被破坏,导致番茄、青椒和茄子的光合速率分别下降18.5%、15.3%和14.1%。可见这种基质栽培条件适宜于浅根系作物,不适宜深根系作物,并且基质材料应该选择不含有盐碱土的炉渣。Quadratic orthogonal regressive rotation design with four factors was used to investigate the effects of irri- gation amount and fertilizer rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on organic acid content in tomato by pot experi- ment under alternate partial mot-zone irrigation, and the regression model on water and fertilizer and organic acid content in tomato was established. The results showed that, if other factors were at zero codes, the organic acid content in tomato decreased linearly with the increase of irrigation amount, while it increased linearly with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer rate. The relationship between organic acid content and phosphorus fertilizer rate or potassium fertilizer rate showed a changing trend as opening downward parabola. There were positive interaction effects between irrigation amount and potassium fertilizer rate, and between nitrogen fertilizer rate and phosphorus fertilizer rate. It was indicated that increas- ing the fertilizer rates of nitrogen and phosphorus could raise the organic acid content of tomato effectively; proper application of potassium fertilizer and proper reduction of irrigation water could also improve the accumulation of organic acid in tomato.

关 键 词：番茄 有机酸 灌水量 氮 磷 钾 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程] S641.2[农业科学—农业工程]