不同贮藏方式对辣椒花粉生活力及授粉效果的影响  

Effects of Different Storage Conditions on Vitality and Pollination of Pepper Pollens

作　　者：张保才[1] 李晓丹[1] 崔鸿文[1,2] 张延安[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海种都种业科技有限公司,上海201209 [2]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2013年第7期132-137,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：上海蔬菜种业工程技术研究中心项目(12DZ2252200)

摘　　要：研究不同贮藏温度、不同含水量处理对辣椒花粉生活力变化及田间授粉效果的影响,以探究不同贮藏条件下辣椒花粉的贮藏能力。结果表明:辣椒花粉生活力随着贮藏时间的延长而降低,贮藏温度和花粉含水量显著影响辣椒花粉贮藏能力,降低贮藏温度能有效延长花粉贮藏时间,干燥处理花粉贮藏能力显著优于未干燥处理。所有处理中,以超低温干燥处理贮藏效果最佳,低温处理优于冷冻处理,冷冻处理优于常温处理,贮藏辣椒花粉有效生活力下限为10%。以花粉生活力下限为标准,常温(20±1)℃未干燥处理有效贮藏期为3～5d,常温(20±1)℃干燥处理有效贮藏期为7～10d;低温(4±1)℃未干燥处理有效贮藏期为15～20d,低温(4±1)℃干燥处理有效贮藏期为35～40d;冷冻(-20±1)℃未干燥处理有效贮藏时间为5d左右,冷冻(-20±1)℃干燥处理有效贮藏期为15～20d;超低温(-196℃)干燥处理贮藏1a仍具有新鲜花粉一半的生活力,但未干燥处理几乎无有效贮藏期。Storage condition is one of the important factors influencing pollen quality. In order to explore the storage capacity of pepper pollen grains, we tested the variations of pollen grain viability with different moisture contents at different storage temperatures in vitro. Furthermore, the pollen viability was evaluated by artificial pollination in filed. The results revealed that the pepper pollen via- bility decreased with the prolonged storage time, and there was a significant effect of variation of stor age temperature and moisture contents on viability and vigor of chill pepper pollens. Stored at lower temperature or processed with drying treatment could dramatically increase the viability of the pol- lens. Among tested conditions, pollens that was dried and stored in freeze cryogenic temperature had the best viability and vigor. According to the standard that the value of viability of stored pepper pol len must be not less than 10%, the pollens without drying treatment can maintain viable for 3--5 days at （20±1） ℃ or 15--20 days at （4±1） ℃, but only about 5 days at （-20±1） ℃ ; however, after dr- ying treatment, the pollens can maintain viable for 7- 10 days at （20 ~ 1） ℃, 35- 40 days at （4±1） ℃, and 15--20 days at （-20±1） ℃. At ultra low temperature （-196 ℃）, the pollens with drying treatment still have half of the fresh pollen viability after stored for one year, but pollens without drying treatment almost have no viability.

关 键 词：辣椒花粉 贮藏条件 花粉生活力 授粉效果 贮藏期限 

分 类 号：S641.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]