不同喂养方式和经济收入对婴幼儿贫血发生率的影响  

Effects of different feeding practices at 0-6 months and living economic conditions on anemia prevalence of infants and young children

作　　者：董彩霞[1] 格鹏飞[1] 张丑吉[1] 任晓岚[1] 范浩强[1] 张静[1] 张永瑞[1] 席金恩[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省疾病预防控制中心,兰州730000

出　　处：《卫生研究》2013年第4期596-599,604,共5页Journal of Hygiene Research

摘　　要：目的了解贫困地区农村6～23月龄婴幼儿的贫血情况,以及出生后0～6个月的喂养方式和家庭经济状况对6～23月龄婴幼儿贫血发生率的影响。方法采用问卷调查方法收集甘肃贫困地区农村6～23月龄婴幼儿的营养与健康状况信息,测定血红蛋白含量。结果 6～23月龄婴幼儿贫血患病率58.2%,男童贫血患病率(61.0%)趋势高于女童(55.1%),但差异无统计学意义。不同月龄组婴幼儿的血红蛋白差异有显著的统计学意义(F=5.206,P<0.01),6月龄开始婴幼儿血红蛋白水平呈明显下降趋势,到12月龄时最低,从15月龄开始血红蛋白水平随月龄的增长开始逐渐升高。血红蛋白含量的变化与贫血患病率是一致的,6!月龄婴儿的贫血患病率较高,12～月龄婴幼儿贫血患病率达到最高,12～月龄后随月龄的增长患病率呈逐渐下降的趋势。不同喂养方式的婴幼儿血红蛋白含量和贫血患病率有显著差异(χ2=9.245,P<0.05),人工喂养儿血红蛋白水平高于混合喂养儿和母乳喂养儿,贫血患病率显著低于母乳喂养儿和混合喂养儿(χ2=8.529和7.173,P<0.05)。家庭经济状况与血红蛋白水平的关系无统计学意义(F=0.637,P值均P>0.05);家庭经济状况较好,贫血患病率趋于较低(χ2=1.666,P>0.05)。结论婴儿12月龄!时血红蛋白含量最低和贫血率最高,人工喂养儿贫血患病率显著低于母乳喂养儿和混合喂养儿,家庭经济状况对贫血患病率的影响不明显。提示应关注和改善6月龄以上婴幼儿的铁营养状况和贫血问题。Objective In order to understand the anemic prevalence in the infants and young children and its relation to the feeding pattern at 0-6 months and on economic income.Methods A questionnaire survey were used to collect the information on nutritional and health status of infants and young children（6 to 23 months） living in poverty-rural areas of Gansu Province,and hemoglobin concentration was measured.Results The prevalence of anemia was 58.2% in the children aged from 6 months to 23 months.The rate of anemia in boys was higher than that of the girls（61.0% and 55.1%）,but there was no significant difference.There were significant differences in hemoglobin levels among different age groups（F=5.206,P0.01）.The child＇s hemoglobin concentration was trend to significantly decrease from 6-month-old and more,and reach to the lowest level at 12 months of age and more.After that,the hemoglobin began to gradually increase with age.The change of hemoglobin concentration was consistent with anemic prevalence,the higher prevalence of anemia was the group aged 6-month-old and more,and the group aged 12-month-old and more had highest prevalence.There were significant difference among the different feeding pattern on the anemic prevalence（χ^2=9.245,P〈0.05）,and the prevalence of anemia in children fed with infant formula had the lowest anemic rate and was significantly lower than those of the mixed feeding and breastfeeding children（χ^2=8.529 and 7.173,P〈0.05）.The living economic conditions were a linear trend with the hemoglobin level of children,but there was no significant difference among the different feeding groups（F=0.637,P〈0.05）.The better household economic conditions,tends to have the lower in anemic prevalence,but there was no significant difference（χ^2=1.666,P〈0.05）.Conclusion The children had lowest hemoglobin level and highest anemic prevalence in the group aged 12-month-old and more,the anemic prevalence of children fed with infant formula had significantly lower than those of t

关 键 词：喂养方式 经济收入 婴幼儿 贫血 

分 类 号：R153.2[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] R556.3[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]