免耕覆盖玉米秸秆对旱塬地土壤环境的影响  

The effects of no-tillage with maize stalk mulched on soil environment in dryland.

作　　者：晋凡生[1] 张宝林[2] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院旱地农业研究中心,太原030031 [2]山西省农业科学院农业资源综合考察研究所,太原030006

出　　处：《生态农业研究》2000年第3期47-50,共4页Chinese Journal of Eco-agriculture

基　　金：八五"国家科技攻关项目

摘　　要：免耕覆盖试验结果表明,免耕覆盖玉米秸秆4500kg/hm^2以上的处理比传统耕作玉米增产22.15％～25.65％,土壤水分利用效率提高2.9625kg/hm^2·mm。春播前0～200cm土层速动易效水含量比传统耕作增加17.02～47.9mm,距地表5cm、10cm、15cm处的地积温与秸秆覆盖量呈极显著直线负相关关系,0～10cm土层土壤容重随秸秆覆盖量增加而减小,土壤有机质、全N、速效磷与秸秆覆盖量呈极显著直线回归关系。与传统耕作比较,脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和转化酶分别增加0.04～0.48mg/g、0.05～1.08mg/g和1.7～12.8mg/g,脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、转化酶与免耕秸秆覆盖量的关系呈极显著直线相关关系。Under the condition of no-tillage with more than 4500kg/hm2 of maize stalk mulched, increments of maize yields was 22.15%-25.65%,water use efficiency of soil moisture increased 2.9625kg/hm2·mm. Comparing the treatments of no-tillage with mulch to the traditional tillage, the contents of available quick-moving water in 0-200cm soil layers increased 17.02-47.9mm before spring sowing. There was a significant negative correlation between earth cumulative tem-perature in 5cm,10cm,15cm soil layers and the amounts of stalk mulched;the more the mulch a-mount was,the less the volume weight in 0-10cm soil layers was;the significant relations of linear regression were formed among organic substance,total N,available P and mulch amounts. Compar-ing the treatments of no-tillage with mulch to the traditional tillage,amounts of ureaes,basic phos-phatase, invertase were increased by 0.04-0.48mg/g,0.05-1.08mg/g and 1.7-12.8mg/g; there was a significant linear correlation between the amount of this three enzymes and the a-mounts of mulch.

关 键 词：旱塬地 免耕覆盖 玉米秸秆 土壤环境 生态环境 

分 类 号：X144[环境科学与工程—环境科学] S154.1[农业科学—土壤学]