抗生素在城市污水处理系统中的分布及去除  

Occurrence of Antibiotics and Their Removal Mechanism in Municipal Sewage Treatment Plants

作　　者：邵一如[1,2] 席北斗[1] 曹金玲[3] 高如泰[1] 许其功[1] 张慧[1] 刘树庆[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院水环境系统工程研究室,北京100012 [2]河北农业大学,河北保定071000 [3]中节能六合天融环保科技有限公司,北京100085

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2013年第7期85-92,182,共9页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07209-003)

摘　　要：根据目前国内外已有的研究结果,综述了几类主要的抗生素在世界各国城市污水处理厂污水、污泥中的残留浓度及抗生素在城市污水处理系统中的去除途径和去除效果。结果表明,世界各国城市污水处理厂污水、污泥中抗生素的种类和浓度有明显差异：污水中抗生素的浓度与该国抗生素的使用量有关,我国城市污水中四环素类、磺胺类的检出最高浓度达到103~104ng/L,远高于其他国家;环丙沙星和甲氧苄啶在美国城市污水处理厂出水中检出浓度较高,达到103ng/L。污泥中抗生素残留主要是通过污泥吸附作用,残留浓度受到抗生素在固-液相的分配系数、亲脂性和离子所带电荷影响。自然条件下,水解、光解和传统生物处理工艺对抗生素的去除率低,而高级氧化技术和膜过滤技术对抗生素的去除效率高,可以达到90%以上。Based on existing research,occurrences of main antibiotics in sewage and sludge as well as removal mechanism and efficiency of antibiotics in existing sewage treatment plants（STP）were reviewed.Results showed that types and concentrations of antibiotics in sewage and sludge were different with various countries.Concentration of one type of antibiotic in sewage was related to antibiotics’consumption in a country.The highest detected concentrations of tetracyclines and sulfonamides in China urban sewage were up to 1 000~10 000 ng/L,higher than those in other countries.The concentrations of ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim in American STP were up to 1 000 ng/L.Antibiotic residues in the sludge were mainly due to absorption,which was affected by antibiotics’solid/liquid partition coefficients,lipophilicity and ionic charges.Under natural conditions,the removal efficiency of hydrolysis,photolysis and biodegradation was low,while the removal efficiency of advanced oxidation process and membrane filtration was high,which was above 90%.

关 键 词：抗生素 城市污水处理厂 浓度分布 去除途径 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]