建筑物周围风致静压场的分布及振动特性研究  

Distribution and vibration characteristics of wind-induced static pressure field around a building

作　　者：罗尧治[1] 孙斌[1,2] 洪江波[3] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学空间结构研究中心,杭州310058 [2]中国民航工程咨询公司,北京100621 [3]汉嘉设计集团股份有限公司,杭州310005

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2013年第14期1-10,22,共11页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家杰出青年科学基金资助项目(51025828);国家自然科学基金资助项目(50978227)

摘　　要：对均匀流及湍流中风洞内有和无建筑物时的静压状况进行了研究,针对目前无法精确测量静压的情况,提出了一种无量纲化方法,给出了静压场的分布规律,运用幅值域及频域方法详细分析了建筑物周围各区域的流场特性,之后给出了静压场主要方向的分布函数型式,并推断了静压场的静力及动力边界。研究结果显示:在风洞中进行风压测试时,有可能激发风洞气柱自振模态并对测试结果产生误导;建筑物迎风区脉动主要取决于来流脉动;背风区脉动则与湍流来流脉动较为相像,但能引起更多非高斯特性;地面粗糙度由小变大时,建筑物侧风区脉动由小振幅周期振动向大振幅随机振动转变;地面粗糙度越大,静压场的静力作用越小而动力作用越大。所提静压场分布函数可对风工程实测参考静压的测试及建筑群体的风致干扰问题提供参考。Wind tunnel tests in smooth and turbulent flows with and without a building were performed to detect static pressure fields here.A dimensionless method was proposed to solve a problem that static pressures could hardly be measured exactly,therefore the distributions of static pressure fields were investigated,dynamic characteristics of different flow areas around a building were analyzed in details with amplitude domain and frequency domain analysis methods,distribution function formulas of a static pressure field in main directions were given,and then its static and dynamic boundaries were figured out.The study results indicated that the natural vibration modes of a gas column in the wind tunnel may be evidently excited in some conditions and then the test results may be misled;the pressure fluctuating in the windward area of a building depends on the velocity fluctuating of an approach flow;the pressure fluctuating in the leeward area is close to the static pressure fluctuating of a turbulent approach flow but there are more non-Gaussian characteristics in the leeward area;a periodic vibration with a small amplitude of static pressure turns to a random vibration with a larger amplitude in the crosswind area with surface roughness rising;the more rough the surface,the smaller the static force action but the bigger the dynamic action of the whole static pressure field.The proposed distribution function formulas could be used for many purposes,such as,measuring a reference static pressure in full-scale filed tests and investigating a wind-induced interference effect among buildings.

关 键 词：风工程 实测 静压 脉动 振动 风洞试验 钝体空气动力学 

分 类 号：TU317.1[建筑科学—结构工程] V211[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]