不同从业系统心理咨询师和心理治疗师的理论取向  

Therapeutic orientation in Chinese counselors and psychotherapists practice in different work settings

作　　者：刘晓敏[1,2] 曹玉萍[1] 施琪嘉[3,4,5] 姜长青[6] 刘建新[6] 魏虹[7] 马学尧[8] 万建群[9] 吕淑云 胡力[1] 刘盈[11] 周春英[12] 张骏[13] 张亚林[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学湘雅二医院精神卫生研究所,长沙410011 [2]昆明医科大学第一附属医院精神科,昆明650032 [3]华中科技大学 [4]武汉精神卫生中心 [5]武汉市心理医院,武汉430030 [6]首都医科大学附属北京安定医院,北京100088 [7]浙江传媒学院学生处心理健康与生命教育中心,杭州310018 [8]华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院,武汉430030 [9]宁夏医科大学附属医院心身医学科,银川750001 [10]新疆精神卫生中心临床心理科,乌鲁木齐830002 [11]中国医科大学附属第一医院精神医学科,沈阳110001 [12]哈尔滨工程大学人文学院,哈尔滨150001 [13]四川大学华西医院精神卫生中心,成都610041

出　　处：《中国心理卫生杂志》2013年第8期578-582,共5页Chinese Mental Health Journal

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目--十种心理咨询与心理治疗技术的规范与示范研究(2009BAI77B07)

摘　　要：目的:调查教育、医疗和"其他"从业系统中心理咨询与治疗从业者的理论取向。方法:采用多级分层方便抽样,在中国内地6个行政区选取从事心理咨询与治疗工作的从业者1232名,包括教育、医疗和"其他"从业系统,以及经济发达、中等发达和欠发达城市。使用心理咨询与治疗从业人员现状调查问卷中的"疗法和疗效"部分,调查从业者的常用疗法和首选疗法。结果:3个系统从业者常用疗法的前3位依次为认知疗法、行为疗法和精神分析。3个系统从业者首选疗法的前3位依次为认知疗法、精神分析和认知行为疗法(CBT)。其中,教育系统首选认知疗法的比例高于"其他"从业系统(47.8%vs.35.2%),医疗系统和"其他"从业系统首选精神分析的比例高于教育系统(16.6%,21.1%vs.10.0%),教育系统和医疗系统首选CBT的比例高于"其他"从业系统(11.5%,14.4%vs.5.2%),均P<0.05。结论:本研究提示,3个从业系统的心理咨询与治疗从业者均更多地选择认知疗法、行为疗法、认知行为疗法、精神分析等"经典"的疗法。Objective： To determine the psychotherapeutic orientations adopted by Chinese practitioners practice in health-care system,educational system and other departments. Methods： A nation-wide survey of a multi-stage convenience sampling was conducted.Totally 1232 counselors and psychologists completed a questionnaire ＂National Status Quo Survey on Counselors and Psychotherapists in China＂,and the samplings came from 6 regions of China,which contained 3 city-level according to the socioeconomic development,including health-care system,educational system and other system. Results： Cognitive therapy,behavioral therapy,and psychoanalytic model were the top 3 common used therapeutic orientations by practitioners in all the three work settings.And cognitive therapy,psychoanalytic model,and cognitive-behavioral therapy （CBT） were the top 3 primary therapeutic orientations used by practitioners in all the three work settings.Those worked in educational system used cognitive therapy significantly more than those worked in the other departments （47.8% vs.35.2%,P〈0.05）,those worked in health-care system and other departments used psychoanalytic model significantly more than those in educational system （16.6%,21.1% vs.10.0%,Ps〈0.05）,those in educational system and health-care system used CBT significantly more than their counterparts worked in other departments （11.5%,14.4% vs.5.2%,Ps〈0.05）. Conclusions： It suggests that the classical psychotherapies such as cognitive therapy,behavioral therapy,psychoanalysis,and cognitive-behavioral therapy are used more in the three work settings in China.

关 键 词：心理咨询师 心理治疗师 从业系统 理论取向 横断面研究 

分 类 号：R749.055[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学] C932.2[医药卫生—临床医学]