飞行学员多目标追踪任务加工特点的研究  

Features of Multiple-objects Tracking Task Processing in Student Pilots

作　　者：姜薇[1,2] 丰廷宗[1,2] 潘静[1,2] 李永娜[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国民用航空局民用航空医学中心 [2]民航总医院民用航空医学研究所,北京100123 [3]中国人民大学心理系,北京100872

出　　处：《航天医学与医学工程》2013年第4期269-273,共5页Space Medicine & Medical Engineering

基　　金：中国民用航空局科学技术项目(MHRD07Z24)

摘　　要：目的对比飞行学员和普通专业大学生在多目标追踪任务中的加工模式,以期为合格飞行学员的选拔和训练提供参考。方法采用多目标追踪范式和目标融合技术,20名飞行学员和21名大学生参与实验,在3种不同融合程度的刺激连接条件下对不同类型探测物进行反应。结果飞行学员在融合性较低的条件下对目标和非目标的反应都很快,对目标刺激的追踪克服了整体特征的干扰,只有对非目标的反应受到刺激整体特征的影响。大学生在各种相融性水平上都出现对目标反应快的特点,且无论是目标还是非目标的加工都受到刺激整体特征的影响。结论飞行学员比大学生有更大的注意广度和更集中的注意分配,这些加工差异在飞行员的选拔和训练时需加以注意。Objective To investigate the student pilots＇ cognitive processes by comparing the performance ot student pilots with college male students in the multiple-object tracking （MOT） task so as to provide reference for pilot selection and training. Methods Multiple-object tracking paradigm and target merging technique were adopted in this study. Twenty student pilots and 21 college students participated in the experiment and they were asked to respond to different types of objects under three different levels of merging condition. Results Student pilots performed much better under low merging levels than the college students. College students were faster in responding to targets under all merging levels. Their responses to both targets and distractors were in- fluenced by the level of target merging. However, student pilots responded equally quickly to both targets and distractors in the low-level merging. The level of target merging only affected the student pilots＇ responses to distractors but not to targets. Conclusion The student pilots have broader attention and better abilities to focus and refocus on task-relevant information than do the college students. The distinct tracking pattern of pilots suggest that visual attention needs to be considered in pilot selection and training.

关 键 词：多目标追踪 目标融合 飞行员 认知 

分 类 号：R857.1[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]