北方河流动态水环境容量分析与计算  

Analysis and Calculation of Dynamic Water Environmental Capacity of Rivers in North China

作　　者：姜欣[1] 许士国[1] 练建军[1,2] 孟庆国 

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学建设工程学部水环境研究所,辽宁大连116024 [2]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,江苏南京210042 [3]哈尔滨市水务局,黑龙江哈尔滨150076

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2013年第4期409-414,共6页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51279022);国家重点基础研究发展规划(2013CB430403)

摘　　要：由于自然条件的季节变化,水环境容量具有明显的时间动态特性,在单一的设计水文条件下计算的水环境容量并不能反映这一变化。在阐明水环境容量时间动态特性的基础上,提出一种动态水环境容量的计算方法,主要是利用合适的水质模型,在动态水文设计条件下,计算河流功能区的水环境容量。以哈尔滨市阿什河为例,利用丹麦DHI MIKE11软件,构建哈尔滨阿什河西泉眼水库以下河段水量水质模型,采用一维水环境容量模型计算功能区水环境容量。结果表明,阿什河各功能区冰封期水环境容量要远远小于非冰封期。此外,通过比较各月不同水文设计条件下水环境容量的大小,得到各功能区每个月水环境容量的上下控制线,可为阿什河污染物排放总量控制提供可行的参考。As a result of the succession of the four seasons in nature, water environmental capacity is obviously characterized by temporal dynamic. However, the use of a simple hydraulic design in calculating water environment capacity is unable to reflect the dynamic variation. Based on characterization of the temporal dynamic of the water environmental capacity, a new method, including a suitable water quality model and a dynamic hydraulic design, was put forth for calculating. Using this method, a numerical water quality model was established with the aid of the hydrodynamic （ HD ） ＆ advectiondispersion （AD） module of the DHI MIKE11 software for the downstreams of the Ashi River after the Xiquanyan Reservoir in Harbin. Water environmental capacities of its various function zones were worked out using the one-dimensional water environmental capacity model. Results show that the COD and NH3-N water euviromnental capacities of various function zones were much lower in the frozen period （from November to next March） than in the non-frozen period （from April to October）. Furthermore, by the comparison between months and between various hydraulic conditions in water environment capacity, both the maximum and minimum water environmental capacity control lines were obtained for every function zone every month, which may serve as reference for total volume control of pollution discharge in the Ashi River.

关 键 词：水环境容量 动态 阿什河 冰封期 

分 类 号：X26[环境科学与工程—环境科学]