基于随机前沿的区域工业全要素水资源效率研究  

Regional Differences in Total-Factor Industrial Water Efficiency Based on a Stochastic Frontier Approach

作　　者：陈关聚[1] 白永秀[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学经济管理学院,西安710069

出　　处：《资源科学》2013年第8期1593-1600,共8页Resources Science

基　　金：西安市软科学研究项目(编号:SF1235-2);陕西省重点学科建设基金(编号:2008SD06)

摘　　要：选取2003-2010年31省份规模以上工业企业投入与产出面板数据,运用随机前沿技术测度了中国工业全要素水资源使用效率及影响因素,测算了区域工业水资源效率值。研究结果发现:各省份工业水资源效率呈逐年增长态势,在空间分布上呈现从东部向西部逐渐下降的格局。分层聚类分析将31个省(直辖市、自治区)划分为4种效率类型:A类地区在研究期间始终处于效率较高水平;B类地区期初效率不高但增长较快;C类地区效率损失持续较大;D类地区效率处于深度低下水平。研究还发现区域经济发达程度、工业占GDP比重、科技经费投入对改善水资源效率有正面作用,人均水资源使用量越大的地区浪费越多。建议建立与水资源挂钩的工业项目进入和退出机制,以价格差异化的市场分配机制引导企业节水,增加节水技术和设备研发的投入。This research discusses total-factor water efficiency of regional industries according to panel data from 2003-2010 using the stochastic frontier approach and based on the Cobb-Doulas production function. The input variables were value of fixed assets, number of laborers and water consumption quantity. The output variable is sales of industrial firms. We found that that material capital and labor input are increasing returns to scale and the physical capital coefficient of elasticity is more than labor, which means industry growth is driven mainly by capital. The coefficient of elasticity of water is -0.026 because water consumption is superfluous or it did not collocate reasonably with other resources. Average water efficiency grew from 0.51 to 0.784 during 2003 and 2010, and had a 21.6% potential for improvement in 2010. We also found evidence that average water efficiency improved, but the difference among regions was remarkably. Eastern regions had high efficiency; western China has the lowest efficiency. Thirty-one provinces were divided into four regions based on efficiency. Region A has a persistent high efficiency and includes Beijing, Tianjin, shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Shandong and Guangdong. Water efficiency is low but grows fast within region B; we found a persistent heavy loss of water efficiency in region C. Efficiency is lowest in region D including Tibet and Qinghai where water resources are abundant and there is lack qualified technical personnel.

关 键 词：全要素水效率 区域差异 随机前沿分析 工业企业 

分 类 号：X24[环境科学与工程—环境科学] F427[经济管理—产业经济] F224