垂直轴风力机主动式变桨距控制规律  

Active variable-pitch control laws for vertical axis wind turbine

作　　者：张立勋[1] 梁迎彬 尉越啸[1] 李二肖 杨勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学机电工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第6期2561-2568,共8页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：中央高校基本科研经费资助项目(HEUCF110707);黑龙江省科技计划项目(TA09Q801)

摘　　要：针对定桨距垂直轴风力机启动能力差与风能利用率较低的问题,对主动式变桨距控制方法和规律进行研究,以达到提高风能利用率的目的。以双盘面多流管理论为基础,分析叶片的局部流场,建立风力机的数学模型,并以最大瞬时功率为目标函数设计桨距角优化程序,通过分析获得不同尖速比下的桨距角控制规律。根据CFD模型,对定桨距风力机进行数值模拟,分析不同桨距角下的气动性能;对优化后的控制规律在CFD中进行仿真研究,分析风力机的力学行为和风能利用率。研究结果表明:外偏置桨距角可以提高上盘面的气动性能且在桨距角为4°时获得最大的风能利用率;变桨距控制下的有效力矩区相比定桨距风力机增加了1倍,最大风能利用率也高达39.12%,主动式变桨距控制规律可以明显提高风力机的整体性能。Aiming at the poor self-starting and low power coefficient of fixed pitch vertical axis wind turbine （VAWT）, investigations on method and control laws of active variable-pitch technology were conducted to improve power coefficient. Based on double-multiple streamtube models, studies of local flow field around blades were carried out, and mathematical model of VAWT was built; then an optimization procedure for computing the optimal pitch angle was proposed, the target function of which was based on maximum instantaneous power output, thus the control laws of pitch angle under various tip speed ratios were obtained. Numerical simulations of fixed pitch VAWT were carried out based on the CFD model to analyze aerodynamic performance under different pitch angles; meanwhile, researches were initiated by the method of CFD simulation, and the control laws of active variable-pitch obtained by the procedure were used, then the forces around the rotor and power coefficient under the operating conditions were obtained. The results show that VAWT with out-offset pitch angle has a better aerodynamic behavior at upstream and the maximum power coefficient is obtained at about -4°. Compared with fixed pitch VAWT, self-starting performance and power coefficient of VAWT under the control of the active variable-pitch control laws are greatly improved, while the effective region with high torque is nearly twice of that of fixed pitch VAWT and power coefficient is as high as 3 9.12%.

关 键 词：垂直轴风力机 主动式 变桨距 风能利用率 CFD 

分 类 号：TK89[动力工程及工程热物理—流体机械及工程]