热等离子体对模拟有机低放射性废物固化处理试验分析  

Experimental Analysis on Solidification of Simulated Organic Low-level Radioactive Waste by Thermal Plasma

作　　者：江贻满[1] 倪国华[1] 宋晔[1] 赵鹏[1] 刘卫[1] 孟月东[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院等离子体物理研究所,合肥230031

出　　处：《高电压技术》2013年第7期1750-1756,共7页High Voltage Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21171169)~~

摘　　要：低水平放射性废物(LLRW)的安全有效处理是世界各国关注的一大难题,传统的水泥固化技术存在增容增重等缺点,为此采用了直流电弧等离子体处理模拟有机LLRW,并通过添加玻璃形成剂捕集和固化放射性核素。对放射性核素的捕集特性进行了研究,并表征了玻璃固化体的性能。结果表明,经热等离子体处理后得到的玻璃固化体表面非常光滑,具有无定形、蓝色、致密结构。在热等离子体高温处理条件下,温度对放射性核素的捕集影响不大;LLRW中有机氯的质量分数对Co和Cs的捕集影响显著,其含量越高越不利于Co和Cs的捕集,而对Sr捕集影响不大;在有机氯质量分数为5.45%、处理温度为1 400°C条件下,模拟放射性核素Sr、Co、Cs的捕集率分别达到了99.7%、44.5%和18.6%。How to treat low-level radioactive waste（LLRW） safely and effectively has become a world-wide issue,since the traditional cement solidification technology possesses serious disadvantages,such as increasing the volume and weight of LLRW.Thus,we treated simulative organic low-level radioactive wastes（LLRW） by DC arc plasma,while using glass shaping agent to capture and fix radionuclides.Moreover,we investigated the characteristics of capturing radionuclides,and characterized the performance of glass solidified body.The results showed that,the glass solidified body,which was obtained by the thermal plasma treatment,had a very smooth surface,and an amorphous,blue and dense structure.In the process of thermal plasma treatment,the treatment temperature affected little the capture rate of radionuclides.The organic chlorine content in LLRW played a significant role in the capture rate of Co and Cs： the capture rate of Co and Cs decreased with the increasing organic chlorine contents.However,the organic chlorine contents had little effect on the capture rate of Sr.Under the experimental conditions,including organic chlorine content of 5.45% and treatment temperature of 1 400°C,the capture rates of Sr,Co and Cs in the glass solidification were 99.7%,44.5%,and 18.6%,respectively.

关 键 词：热等离子体 模拟低水平放射性废物 玻璃固化 放射性核素 捕集率 有机氯 

分 类 号：TL941[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护]