矛盾态度对个体信息加工的影响:外显与内隐层面的比较  

Effects of Explicit and Implicit Ambivalent Attitudes on Information Processing

作　　者：张林[1] 徐强[2] 

机构地区：[1]宁波大学心理学系暨研究所,宁波315211 [2]华东师范大学心理与认知科学学院,上海200062

出　　处：《心理科学》2013年第4期787-791,共5页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：宁波大学人文科学研究后期资助项目(XHQ0903);香港王宽诚教育基金会项目的资助

摘　　要：本研究采用"学习—再认"范式从外显和内隐两个层面探讨了矛盾态度对个体信息加工的影响。结果发现:(1)在有意加工与无意加工下,高外显矛盾态度个体对客体信息的再认反应时均短于低外显矛盾态度个体;(2)在有意加工条件下高内隐矛盾态度个体的再认反应时长于低内隐矛盾态度个体,在无意加工条件下高低内隐矛盾组的反应时差异不显著;(3)对态度客体无关材料高内隐矛盾态度组再认反应时长于低内隐矛盾态度组,对有关材料二者的反应时差异不显著。该研究结果说明,外显与内隐矛盾态度对个体信息加工具有不同的影响路径,这为进一步探讨外显和内隐矛盾态度对个体心理与行为的影响机制提供了借鉴。Ambivalent attitude as a topic in the field of attitude research is receiving new interest. Ambivalent attitude is defined as the simultaneous existence of positive and negative beliefs or emotions with regard to the same object in an individual＇s attitudinal basis. Previous studies investigated whether ambivalent attitude would facilitate or inhibit the processing of information which was related to the attitude objects,but the results are controversial. To address this issue,the present study examined such effects from both explicit and implicit ambivalent attitude levels. The experiment was carried out the the following procedures. First,we surveyed the ambivalent attitude among college students by open-questionnaire. Descriptive statistics showed that ＂EXERCICE＂is an attitude object,which can generally induce ambivalence. Second,in formal experiment,participants who were randomly chosen and did not participate in pre-test were asked to perform two tasks presented in the computer： a split semantic differential measure which was used for testing explicit ambivalent attitude induced by the attitude objects and an Extrinsic Affective Simon Task （EAST） which aimed to explore the implicit ambivalent attitude induced by the attitude objects. The participants were divided into the higher and lower groups of explicit ambivalent and implicit ambivalent according to their scores. Then,the Study Test paradigm was used to probe the effects of explicit and implicit ambivalent attitude on the processing of information related to ＂EXERCICE＂. In this paradigm,the unintentional and deliberately processing ways were also manipulated. The results indicated that （1） the response latency of the higher explicit ambivalent group was saliently shorter than the lower explicit ambivalent group. （2） The response latency which the higher implicit ambivalent group used to process deliberately the attitude objects information was significantly longer than the lower implicit ambivalent group. But at the unintentional

关 键 词：矛盾态度 内隐矛盾态度 信息加工 学习—再认范式 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]