对充分条件句语义关系的概念理解与逻辑理解的相关与独立  

Correlation and Independence of Logical and Conceptual Comprehensions of Semantic Relations of Sufficient Conditionals

作　　者：王墨耘[1] 高坡[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学心理学院,西安710062

出　　处：《心理科学》2013年第4期848-854,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学基金一般项目(09YJAXLX016);国家自然科学基金面上项目(31070901);教育部中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(GK200901021)的资助

摘　　要：实验用大学生被试考察了充分条件句语义关系表达形式(逻辑形式和概念形式)和条件句类型(五种条件句)对充分条件句语义关系理解的影响。实验结果发现,语义关系表达形式影响被试对条件句中必要性的语义关系理解,而不影响被试对条件句中充分性的语义关系理解,在对条件句前后件之间语义关系的逻辑理解成绩和概念理解成绩之间既有相关又有独立:对是否充分的语义关系的两种理解成绩之间存在相关一致,而对是否必要的语义关系的两种理解成绩之间存在独立;五种条件句在对后件对前件的必要性的知觉难易程度受条件句意义内容的影响而存在明显差异,这种差异导致被试对许可句和定义句的后件必要性理解成绩高于对偶然句、义务句和因果句的后件必要性理解成绩。Previous relevant studies have examined people＇s conceptual comprehension rather than logical comprehension of semantic relations of sufficient conditionals （if p then q） . The present experiment with college students examined the influence of the representations of the semantic relations of sufficient conditionals,and compared conceptual comprehension with logical comprehension of semantic relations of sufficient conditionals. The experiment also examined the influence of the type of sufficient conditionals （contingence,obligation,permission,definition and causality conditionals） on the comprehension of semantic relations. Method A total of170 participants of college students were randomly assigned to five groups. Each group completed both a logical comprehension task and a conceptual comprehension task of a type of conditionals. There were two independent variables. One was the question representation （logical vs. conceptual representation） of the semantic relations of conditionals. In the logical comprehension task,the logical question representations of the four semantic relations of conditionals were respectively： ＂whether if p then q is true or false？＂for the sufficiency of p for q; ＂if not p then not q is true or false＂for the necessity of p for q; ＂if q then p is true or false＂for the sufficiency of q for p; and ＂if not q then not p is true or false＂for the necessity of q for p. In the conceptual comprehension task, the conceptual question representations of the four semantic relations of conditionals were respectively： ＂can p ensure q？＂for the suffi- ciency of p for q; ＂is p necessary for q？＂for the necessity of p for q; ＂can q ensure p？＂for the sufficiency of q for p; and ＂is q neces- sary for p？＂for the necessity of q for p. The other independent variable was the type of sufficient conditionals. There were five types of conditionals： contingence,obligation,permission,definition and causality. Results The results showed that the question repr

关 键 词：条件句 语义关系 充分 必要 逻辑理解 概念理解 

分 类 号：B81[哲学宗教—逻辑学]