“刑”字古义辨正  

Identification of the Original Meaning of Xing(刑)

作　　者：王沛[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律古籍整理研究所,上海200042

出　　处：《上海师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2013年第4期12-20,共9页Journal of Shanghai Normal University(Philosophy & Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"早期中国的法秩序:以金文资料为主的研究"(项目编号:09CFX012)

摘　　要："刑"字最早见于殷商甲骨文,写作"井",用为人名或方国名。至西周早期,该字出现了动词"效法"的义项,仍写作"井"。西周中期后,该字出现了"丼"的新写法,同时增添了名词"法度"的新义项。不过"法度"之义项依旧写作"井"。东周时代,特别是战国时代,井字分化出了更多的字形和义项,刑的"刑罚"含义应当出现于此时。这些分化出来的字形和新增义项并不完全对应,必须结合各种文献,才能准确理解其含义。Abstract： The word ＂Xing （刑）＂ first appeared in oracle bone inscriptions of Shang （刑） Dynasty, which was written in the glyph ＂井＇＂, and used as people＇ s or state＇ s names. In the early Western Zhou Dynasty, the word received a meaning of ＂imitate＂ [ verb ], but still was written in ＂井~＂. After the middle period of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the word got a new glyph form ＂井＂, and a new meaning of ＂rule＂ [ noun ]. However, when used as ＂rule＂, it was still written in ＂井＂. In the period of Eastern Zhou Dynasty, especially during the Warring States Period, the word ＂Jing （刑）＂ developed more fonts and meanings, and it was speculated that the meaning of ＂Xing （ 刑 ） ＂ as ＂penalty＂ appeared in this period. These new fonts do not correspond with the new meanings, so a variety of literature should be consulted to correctly understand the word.

关 键 词：刑 法度 刑罚 上古 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]