基于干涉仪原理的甚高频雷电单站预警  

A Single-Station Lightning Warning Sytem Based on Principles of Interferometer

作　　者：周康辉[1] 董万胜[1] 刘恒毅[1] 蔡力[2] 杨磊[3] 马祥[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081 [2]武汉大学电气工程学院,武汉430072 [3]重庆市气象局,重庆401147

出　　处：《气象科技》2013年第3期563-568,共6页Meteorological Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41075022);科技部科研院所技术开发研究专项(2008EG137292)资助

摘　　要：针对目前闪电单站探测与预警装置的局限性,设计了一套基于闪电宽带干涉仪原理的甚高频单站雷电预警装置。该装置通过测量雷电(包括云闪与地闪)起始时刻的辐射信号到达竖直天线阵列的相位差,计算得到该信号的仰角,根据仰角估算雷电的距离,进而根据雷电的距离和活动特征进行雷电报警。单站测距误差分析结果表明,单站系统对半径50km范围内闪电测距误差在25%以内,半径100km范围内的闪电测距误差在30%以内。雷电单站预警装置对一次雷暴过程进行了观测,观测结果表明,该装置能有效探测半径100km范围内的闪电活动状况,探测到的闪电频次分布、闪电距离与多站闪电定位结果保持较好一致性,证明其能有效探测周围闪电活动状况,起到提前预警雷暴的作用。A new computer-based single-station VHF system for lightning warning based on broadband interferometer technology is developed. The vertical antenna array was set to get the phase-difference of lightning radiation signals, and then the elevation of the arrival signal was obtained. Both the distances of the cloud-to-ground and cloud flashes can be estimated from the elevations. According to the lightning distance and lighting activity, the different levels of lightning alarm can be given. The error analysis of lightning distance finding indicates that the overall uncertainty of the new method is less than 25~ in the range of 50 km, less than 30% in the range of 100 km. The system has been used to detect the lightning during a thunderstorm in Chongqing on 26 July 2011. Thousands of lightning have been detected in the thunderstorm by this system, whose frequency distribution corresponded with the multi-station lightning location frequency well. The distance-finding results were matched with the multi-station lightning location results by using time stamp. The comparison shows that the distance-finding errors of most lightning are less than 20~, which proved that the new system can detect lightning in the range of 100 km and play the role of lightning early warning.

关 键 词：单站 闪电预警 宽带干涉仪 辐射源 

分 类 号：P427[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]