朝鲜时代汉语教科书能性“得”字研究  

Study of the potential word of "De" in Chinese textbooks of the Korean era

作　　者：王衍军[1] 

机构地区：[1]暨南大学华文学院,广州510610

出　　处：《安徽理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2013年第2期83-88,共6页Journal of Anhui University of Science and Technology:Social Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目"元代以来北方方言能性述补结构研究"(11YJC740108)资助;国家社会科学基金项目:元代以来北方方言能性结构研究(项目编号:12BYY088)资助

摘　　要：朝鲜时代汉语教科书语料清晰展现了表"能性"的"得"字由元代至清末逐渐语法化的过程:由实义动词到助动词,再到表能性半自由动词,最后完全虚化为能性助词,"得"经历了由实到渐虚再到虚这样一个连续渐变的过程。此外,该语料还表明:由元代至清末,表能性"V得/不得"式结构由盛渐衰,与此相反,"V得/不C"式能性述补结构和一些能性助动词的使用频率却逐渐增大,这种语法格式兴替的根本原因在于语言社会属性的制约和影响。Chinese textbooks in the era of the Korean reflect the evolution of ＂＂ De from Yuan pynasty to me last stage of Qing Dynasty. ＂De＂ has gone through the course of grammaticalization ： from transitive verb to auxiliary verb and then to semi -free verb, until finally becomes the auxiliary word which expresses potential completely. In addition, the data also show that, the structure of ＂V De/No De ＂ was used frequently during the Yuan and Qing Dynasties, yet, the rate of utilization of it gradually declined in the early of the Qing Dynasty. Meanwhile, the other structure of ＂V De/No C＂ and some helper verbs have been developed gradually in the competition of it since the early Qing Dynasty. The reason of the diacbronic grammar evolution in northern dialect is determined by the restriction and influence of the language＇s social attributes.

关 键 词：朝鲜时代 汉语教科书 能性“得”字 语法化 汉语历史语法 

分 类 号：H07[语言文字—语言学]