不同施氮水平对超高产夏玉米氮磷钾积累与分配的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Application on Accumulation and Distribution of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium of Summer Maize under Super-high Yield Conditions

作　　者：景立权[1] 赵福成[1,2] 王德成[1] 袁建华[3] 陆大雷[1] 陆卫平[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学农学院,农业部长江中下游作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室,江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏扬州225009 [2]浙江省东阳玉米研究所,浙江东阳322100 [3]江苏省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《作物学报》2013年第8期1478-1490,共13页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30971731,31000684,31271640);江苏省三项工程项目[SX(2010)086]资助

摘　　要：为探明不同施氮水平下玉米超高产（≥13 500 kg hm 2）群体氮磷钾积累及分配规律,通过苏玉20、浚单20两品种3年不同氮肥运筹方案的试验,实现了籽粒最高产量14 753 kg hm 2的目标。结果表明：（1）随着生育进程,两品种氮磷钾在植株、籽粒中积累逐渐增大,在叶片、茎秆、叶鞘中呈先单峰变化趋势,叶片氮钾峰值在大口期,磷峰值在开花期。增大灌浆期植株氮积累量及叶片氮转移率,促使成熟期籽粒氮磷较大积累量,利于超高产玉米群体的形成。（2）籽粒产量、1 kg氮生产籽粒量、氮肥的农学效率、氮素利用率、植株（叶片、茎秆、叶鞘、籽粒等器官）氮磷钾含量在450 kg hm 2施氮水平时达到最大值,其值（苏玉20）分别为14 753 kg hm 2、44.0 kg、19.24%、38.63%、335.4kg hm 2、178.2 kg hm 2、230.7 kg hm 2,过高过低施氮均使氮磷钾积累量及产量下降。（3）由两品种产量与施氮水平的回归方程,确定了超高产时的最佳施氮量、超高产施氮水平和最佳施氮范围,苏玉20分别为457.0 kg hm 2、418.3~495.7 kg hm 2、418.5~495.4 kg hm 2;浚单20分别为452.7 kg hm 2（最佳施氮量）、410.8~494.6 kg hm 2（最佳施氮范围）。Establishing a high quality population is an important prerequisite to achieve high grain yield.Nitrogen（N） application is one of the most important practices in maize（Zea mays L.） production and plays a critical role in regulating population quality.To explore the effects of N application on accumulation and distribution of N,phosphorus（P）,and potassium（K） of summer maize under the conditions of super-high yield（≥13 500 kg ha-1）,we planted two maize cultivars（Suyu 20 and Xundan 20）,wtih different N application levels across three years,and the highest grain yield reached to14 753 kg ha-1.The results showed that in the growth process,N,P,K accumulation increased gradually in the plants and grains of Suyu 20 and Xundan 20,and showed a curvilinear change in leaves,stems and sheatheswith a peak value at trumpeting stage and anthesis stage,respectively.The increasing of N accumulation and transfer rate in leaves at filling stage promoted the N and P accumulation of grain at mature stage,leading to super-high yield groups.In Suyu 20,yield,grain production per kg N,N agronomy efficiency,N utilization efficiency,N,P,K content in leaves,stems and sheathes were the highest at 450 kg ha-1which were 14 753 kg ha-1,44.0 kg,19.24%,38.63%,335.4 kg ha-1,178.2 kg ha-1,230.7 kg ha-1,respectively.But N,P,K accumulation and yield decreased when N application level was too high or too low.According to the regression equations between N application rate and yield of two varieties,for Xundan 20 the optimal N amount was 457.0 kg ha-1,the range of optimum N was 418.5 495.4 kg ha-1,418.3 495.7 kg ha-1 for super-high yield groups;and for Xundan 20,the optimal N was 452.7 kg ha-1,the range of optimum N was 410.8 494.6 kg ha-1

关 键 词：玉米 施氮水平 超高产 氮磷钾 积累与分配 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]