氮磷钾肥施用量及施用时期对马铃薯养分转运分配的影响  

Effects of N,P,K fertilizers application rate and time on translocation and distribution of nutrients in potato plant

作　　者：刘向梅[1] 孙磊[1] 李功义 石立航 王弘[1] 徐姗姗[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [2]大兴安岭地区农林科学院,黑龙江加格达奇165000

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2013年第4期59-65,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑项目(2012BAD06B02);农业部公益性行业科研专项(201103003)

摘　　要：通过田间小区试验,研究了氮磷钾不同施用量和施用时期对马铃薯块茎产量和N、P、K吸收累积动态及分配转运的影响。结果表明:不同施肥处理块茎产量在33.5～38.6 t/hm2之间,氮肥农学效率在12.3～50.3 kg/kg之间。与高氮磷低钾处理相比,低氮磷高钾处理显著提高了块茎产量、商品薯产量、商品薯率和氮肥农学效率(P<0.05);以低氮磷高钾且氮肥分期施用的处理最佳。不同施肥处理对养分积累趋势影响不大,但可显著影响各器官在不同生育期的养分积累量及分配比例。收获时低氮磷高钾处理不但能增加块茎中氮、磷、钾养分的积累量和分配比例,还利于提高氮、磷、钾养分向块茎的转运率。将部分氮肥在块茎膨大前追施可更有效提高块茎中的养分分配比例,在追施氮肥的基础上再追施钾肥仅略提高了商品薯比例。Plot experiments were conducted to study the effects of fertilizer application rates and time on the accumulation,translocation and distribution of nitrogen（N）,phosphorus（P） and potassium（K） as well as the tuber yield of potato.The result showed that tuber yield of different treatments were ranged from 33.5 to 38.6 t / hm2,N agronomic efficiency（AE） ranged from 12.3% to 50.3%.The treatment of low N,P with high K had a significantly higher total tuber yield,marketable tuber yield,marketable tuber ratio than the treatment of high N,P with low K（P 0.05） and the treatment of low N,P,high K while top dressing with N was the best one.There were no differences on the tendency of nutrients accumulation,but significant difference was showed on the nutrients accumulation and distribution in different organs at different growth stages between four treatments.The treatment of low N,P with high K could boost the accumulation and distribution proportion of N,P,and K in tuber while enhance their translocation from vine to tuber.Top dressing N before tuber bulking stage could improve the distribution of nutrients in tuber,but top dressing K based on top dressing N could only improve the ratio of marketable tuber slightly.

关 键 词：马铃薯 产量 养分管理 养分累积 养分转运 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]