花生壳生物炭对中国北方典型果园酸化土壤改性研究  

Effect of Peanut Hull Biochar on Amelioration of Typical Orchard Acidic Soil in Northern China

作　　者：王震宇[1] 徐振华[1] 郑浩[1] 宗海英[1] 李璐[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第8期86-91,共6页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家海洋公益性行业科研专项(201305021);青岛市科技发展计划项目(10-3-3-21-nsh);山东省优秀中青年科学家奖励基金项目(BS2010HZ023)资助

摘　　要：由于长期过量氮肥施用,致使中国北方土壤中大量NH4+积累,加剧了土壤中的硝化作用,导致土壤pH值下降,严重影响了土壤质量和农作物产量。生物炭(biochar)是1种在限氧条件下热解生物质而得到的富碳性材料,含有大量灰分,pH值较高,可以通过中和土壤酸度提高pH,生物炭还可以影响土壤中氮的转化来影响土壤pH值的变化,因而具有改良酸性土壤的巨大潜力。本文通过在300和400℃2种温度下慢速热解花生壳,得到2种生物炭(BC300、BC400),以2.5%和5%的比例添加到招远市果园酸化土壤中。研究表明,经过44d的培育,添加5%的BC400使土壤pH提高了1.33个单位,土壤容重降低了8.2%,同时显著降低了土壤中NO3-含量,抑制了土壤的硝化作用,进而促进了玉米植株生长,尤其是对植株根系生长的促进更为明显。这些结果表明,生物炭能明显改善北方果园酸化土壤的性质,在酸化土壤改良上具有广阔的应用前景。Large amounts of NH＋ was accumulated in soils of north China because of excessive nitrogen fertilizer additions. This could enhance soil nitrification and result the decrease of soil pH, which might debase the soil quality and reduce food production severely. Biochar, a carbon-rich material produced from biomass in absence of oxygen, might be a potential amendment for the acidic soils. Biochars were produced from peanut hull at 300 and 400 C （BC300, BC400）, then added to orchard acidic soil of Zhaoyuan at the rate of 2.5% and 5% （w%）. After 44 days incubation, adding BC400 at the rate of 5% significantly in- creased soil pH by 1.33 units and decreased the bulk density by 8.2%. The NO3- content was also reduced in the soil due to the inhibition of nitrification. Additionally, plant growth was significantly promoted by the biochar additions, especially the root. The results indicated that the peanut hull biochar might improve the quality of the acidic orchard soil in north China.

关 键 词：生物炭 花生壳 硝化作用 酸性土壤 

分 类 号：X131.3[环境科学与工程—环境科学]