内编队重力场测量系统轨道参数与载荷指标设计方法  

The design method of orbital parameters and load factors in Inner-formation flying system for gravity field measurement

作　　者：刘红卫[1] 王兆魁[2] 张育林[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学航天科学与工程学院,长沙410073 [2]清华大学航天航空学院,北京100084

出　　处：《地球物理学进展》2013年第4期1707-1713,共7页Progress in Geophysics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11002076);国家高分重大专项项目(GFZX04011101)共同资助

摘　　要：内编队系统通过构造内卫星纯引力轨道完成高精度重力场测量,实现了不依赖于加速度计的重力卫星实施新途径.针对内编队系统轨道参数和载荷指标设计任务,从定性的角度分析了轨道高度、轨道倾角、偏心率等轨道参数的选择原则,以及外卫星定轨精度、内外卫星相对状态测量精度、内卫星非引力干扰抑制精度、系统采样率等载荷指标对内编队重力场测量性能的影响,并建立了这些参数之间的匹配关系.为获取内编队系统轨道参数和载荷指标的定量设计结果,给出了内编队重力场测量数据模拟和反演计算方法.结合轨道参数和载荷指标对重力场测量性能的影响及其匹配关系,提出了由解析推导和数值计算相结合的方法,获取重力场最高反演阶数、大地水准面精度、重力异常精度等重力场测量性能与轨道参数、载荷指标之间的解析关系,并给出了该解析关系的具体数学形式.与解析法、半解析法相比,该公式由解析推导和大量数值计算得到,因而考虑的影响因素更加全面,计算结果更加合理,可用于快速准确设计内编队系统轨道参数和载荷指标.The Earth＇s gravity field is measured with high precision by constructing the purely gravitational orbit of the inner-satellite in Inner-formation Flying System （IFS）, which offers a new way to carry out gravity satellite measurement without the accelerometers. For the design of orbit and payload parameters in IFS, from a qualitative point of view, the selection criteria of orbit parameters such as orbital altitude, orbital inclination and eccentricity were analyzed, the influence on gravity field measurement performance by IFS caused by payload parameters such as the outer-satellite orbit determination accuracy, measurement accuracy of relative position between the inner-satellite and the oute^satellite, non-gravitational interference on the inner-satellite and data sampling rates were studied, and the matching relationship between these orbit and payload parameters was established. In order to get quantitative design results of orbital and payload parameters in 1FS, the method for gravity field measurement data simulation and recovery computation was given. Considering the qualitative influence of orbit and payload parameters on gravityfiled measurement performance as well as matching relationship between these parameters, an analytical formula which expresses the relation between gravity field measurement performances such as the maximum recovery degree, geoid accuracy, gravity anomaly accuracy and system parameters such as orbital parameters, load factors can be obtained by analytical analysis and a large number of numerical computations, and the mathematical form of this analytical formula was given. Compared to analytical and semi-analytical method for gravity field measurement analysis, this formula comes from analytical analysis and numerical simulation results and contains more comprehensive influencing factors, which is more reasonable and can be used to design orbit and payload parameters quickly and accurately in IFS.

关 键 词：重力卫星 内编队系统 轨道参数 载荷指标 定性分析 定量计算 

分 类 号：V19[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程] P228[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]