刺参养殖池塘降解有机污染物常、低温芽孢杆菌的分离筛选  

Isolation and Selection of Normal and Low Temperature Bacillus Degrading Organic Pollutants in Sea Cucumber Culturing Ponds

作　　者：闫法军[1] 田相利[1] 董双林[1] 阳钢[1] 王军[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266003

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第6期17-24,共8页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划项目(2006AA10Z409);教育部新世纪优秀人才计划项目(NCET-08-0503);山东省杰出青年基金项目(JQ201009);国家"十二五"支撑计划课题(2011BAD13B03)资助

摘　　要：为修复刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)养殖环境,从山东胶南刺参养殖池塘采集水体、底泥和刺参(肠道)样品,利用刺参饵料培养基,分别于常温(28±1)℃和低温(16±1)℃下对样品中的常、低温芽孢杆菌细菌进行分离筛选。共筛选出8株优良细菌(常温菌5株:2株来自底泥,3株来自刺参肠道;低温菌3株:1株来自底泥,2株来自底泥和刺参肠道)。各菌株在有机污染物降解喜好和降解能力方面存在差异,常温菌5d能降解22.20%～49.10%的饵料蛋白、13.93%～68.73%的饵料淀粉和9.98%～42.33%的饵料有机物(COD),低温菌5d能降解29.80%～63.90%的饵料蛋白、40.63%～53.17%的饵料淀粉和16.40%～28.97%的COD。根据菌株形态特征、生理生化特性以及16SrRNA序列分析,8株细菌均归属为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus),其中7株可初步鉴定到种:4株常温菌,分别为腊状芽孢杆菌(B.cereus)、短小芽孢杆菌(B.pumilus)、解淀粉芽孢杆菌(B.amyloliquefaciens)和巨大芽孢杆菌(B.megaterium);3株低温菌,分别为坚强芽孢杆菌(B.firmus)、巨大芽孢杆菌(B.megaterium)和B.baekryungensis。本研究为刺参夏眠和生长季节期间养殖池塘环境的改善修复提供了良好的常、低温菌种资源。For the bioremediation of sea cucumber（Apostichopus japonicus） culturing environment,normal and low temperature Bacillus degrading organic pollutants were isolated and selected from water,sediment and sea cucumber intestines collected from sea cucumber culturing ponds in Jiaonan,Shandong Province,with liquid sea cucumber-feed-medium.The best bacteria were finally selected by examining their degrading abilities to protein,starch and organic matters（CODMn） in the medium.Eight strains including 5 normal temperature bacteria（two from intestines and three from sediment） and 3 low temperature bacteria（one from sediment and two from both sediment and intestines） were finally selected.Their degrading abilities to protein,starch and COD in the liquid medium were different.The normal temperature bacteria reduced the feed protein from 22.20% to 49.10%,feed starch from 13.93% to 68.73% and feed organic matters（COD） from 9.98% to 42.33% in five days,while the low temperature bacteria reduced the feed protein from 29.80% to 63.90%,feed starch from 40.63% to 53.17% and feed organic matters（COD） from 16.40% to 28.97% in the same duration.Morphological observation,physio-biochemical test and 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that all 8 strains belonged to genus Bacillus.Of them,4 normal temperature Bacillus were B.cereus,B.pumilus,B.amyloliquefaciens and B.megaterium,and 3 low temperature Bacillus were B.firmus,B.megaterium and B.baekryungensis,respectively.It is concluded that both normal and low temperature Bacillus selected were good bacterial resources,which can be used for the bioremediation of sea cucumber culturing environment during either aestivation or growing period of the sea cucumber.

关 键 词：常温芽孢杆菌 低温芽孢杆菌 菌种筛选 细菌鉴定 有机污染物 刺参养殖池塘 

分 类 号：S917.1[农业科学—水产科学]