农药对水生植物风险评估研究进展  

Research advances in assessing the risks and hazards brought about by the pesticides to aquatic plants

作　　者：于彩虹[1] 黄莹[1] 胡琳娜[1] 付茂然[1] 林荣华[2] 曲甍甍[2] 周艳明[2] 姜辉[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院,北京100083 [2]农业部农药检定所,北京100125

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2013年第4期1-5,共5页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31171912);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203022);国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAE06B09)

摘　　要：作为初级生产者,水生植物在水生生态系统中发挥着重要作用,而农药的使用对水生生态系统存在污染风险。对现行的水生植物风险评估分级体系进行综述,并对欧盟、美国和日本等发达国家和地区的农药风险评估法规、程序及初级风险评价方法进行了比较分析,简述了种群敏感度分布(SSD)、中/微宇宙等方法在水生植物风险评估中的作用。对比中国存在的差距和不足,建议我国农药登记管理也应采用分级评估方法来加强对水生植物风险评估研究,发展SSD、中/微宇宙等高级风险评估技术和方法。The given article is inclined to make a research review over the advances of the assessment of risks and hazards brought about by the pesticide use to the aquatic plants.As a matter of fact,the aquatic plants play a vital role in the growth of aquatic animal species as the primary producers in the water areas.It is for this reason that motivates us to engage in this topic on improving the assessment methods towards the aquatic ecosystem and the individual aquatic species.For the time being,there have only existed some risk assessment methods of pesticides that are all well acknowledged in some developed countries and regions,whereas there hasn＇t yet existed such a comprehensive evaluation system in China.To make up for the blank in this way,we have searched through and quoted some similar regulations and techniques from the western advanced countries,such as the pesticide risk assessment methods concerning the aquatic ecosystem in EU,USA and Japan,particularly those regulations on protecting aquatic plants on the one hand,and those on harmful pollution,on the other.In the tier of stage one,we have chosen green algae（including Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata,Desmodesmus subspicatus,Navicula pelliculosa,Anabaena flos-aquae,and Synechococcus leopoliensis） and duckweed（Lemna spp.） as the representative species in risk assessment regulations in EU.As is stated in the New Regulation of No.1107/2009,the toxicity-prevention oriented endpoints were illustrated in EC10 or NOEC,which turn out to be stricter than those in Directive 91/414,whereas in the old Directive,EC50 were used for the objectives well accepted in hoping to reduce the concentration（RAC）,which implies that there remains the same trend with the Toxicology/Exposure Ratio（TER） in many countries and areas in the world.If the standard species fail to represent all the aquatic plants due to the difference in the exposure mode,the exposure duration and/or the sensitivity to the chemical toxicity aggression and species characteristics,it would be

关 键 词：环境学 水生植物 生态毒性 欧盟 农药 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]