气候变化对青海湖生态环境影响研究进展  

Research Progress of Impact of Climate Change on Ecological Environment in the Qinghai Lake

作　　者：牛海林[1,2,3] 朱广伟[2] 朱梦圆[2,3] 谭华东 

机构地区：[1]青海大学生态环境工程学院,青海西宁810016 [2]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《人民黄河》2013年第8期64-67,共4页Yellow River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(41230744);青海大学中青年基金资助项目(2012-QNY-1)

摘　　要：近几十年来,受人类活动和气候变化的影响,青海湖面临湖泊持续萎缩、水体进一步咸化、生物多样性锐减和土地沙化等一系列生态环境问题。19世纪以来,国内外学者在青海湖古湖沼学、古气候学、水文学和水化学等4个方面开展了大量研究,认为青海湖形成于早、中更新世,经历了"形成—全盛—稳定—萎缩"的演化过程,它的形成和演化与青藏高原隆升的地质构造运动和气候波动密不可分;其水位主要受气候干湿交替因素控制,但目前还没有一个模型能够准确估测或推演青海湖水位及水量的变化;青海湖有典型大陆湖盆硫酸盐型水体特征,水体总体营养水平较低。今后应加强气候变化对青海湖生态环境变化的影响机理、气候模型和生态环境变化模型双向耦合方法研究,运用GIS、RS和EIS等手段提高对青海湖生态环境变化研究的时效性。In recent decades, the Qinghai Lake has been facing a series of eco environmental problems, such as shrinkage of area, increasing water salinization, dramatic biodiversity decline and desertification. Since the 19th century, scholars at home and abroad have conducted extensive resear- ches into paleolimnology, paleoclimate, hydrology and water chemistry of the Qinghai Lake. And they thought that the Qinghai Lake was formed during Early mid Pleistocene and experienced 4 stages of evolutional process, namely formation, flourishing, maintaining and decline. Its formation and ew^lution were closely related to the tectonic movement of the uplift of Qinghai-Tibet plateau and climate fluctuation. The water level of Qinghai Lake is mainly controlled by the wetting and drying cycle of climate, but till now no model can exactly estimate or deduce the changes of its water level and water yield. The Qinghai Lake is a typical characteristics of continental lake sulfate water and its overall water trophic level is low. In the future, ~searches concerning the influence mechanism of climate change on ecological environment of the Qinghai Lake, climate models and the bi- directional coupled research of ecological environmental change should be enhanced. Besides, the timeliness of the research about ecological envi- ronmental change of the Qinghai Lake by using GIS, RS and EIS should be also improved.

关 键 词：生态环境 气候变化 水环境 青海湖 

分 类 号：X132[环境科学与工程—环境科学]