灰黄青霉CF3对马铃薯土传病原真菌的拮抗性及其促生作用  

The antagonism of Penicillium griseofulvum CF3 against soil-borne fungal pathogens of potato and its growthpromoting effect on the plant

作　　者：陈杰[1] 郭天文 汤琳[1] 谭雪莲 朱渭兵 薛泉宏[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]甘肃省农业科学研究院旱地农业研究所,兰州730070 [3]杨凌金薯种业科技有限公司,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2013年第4期301-308,共8页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：甘肃省农业生物技术研究与应用开发项目(GNSW-2009-20)

摘　　要：为探索灰黄青霉PeniciUium griseofulvum CF3对马铃薯土传病害病原真菌立枯丝核菌Rhizoc-tonia solani、茄病镰刀菌Fusarium solani、硫色镰刀菌F．sulphureum及大丽轮枝菌Verticillium dahliae的拮抗性及对马铃薯的促生作用，采用菌丝生长速率法和甜瓜种子发芽法分别研究了CF3发酵液对病原菌菌丝的抑制作用、对立枯丝核菌微菌核形成的影响及其发酵液的促生作用，并采用盆栽试验法研究了CF3孢子粉对马铃薯植株的促生作用及对抗逆性的影响。CF3发酵滤液对4株病原真菌菌丝生长的抑菌率达53％～72．1％，对立枯丝核菌微菌核的抑制率达36．8％～100％，并显著促进甜瓜种子胚根、胚轴生长。灰黄青霉孢子粉拌土和包衣接种均能促进马铃薯植株生长并增强植株的抗逆性。其中，拌土接种使马铃薯地上植株鲜重和多酚氧化酶活性较对照分别增加38．3％和9％，丙二醛含量降低28．8％。研究表明灰黄青霉CF3对连作马铃薯常见土传真菌病害有较强的生防潜力，对马铃薯具有良好的促生作用。This study examined the antagonism of PeniciUium griseofulvum CF3 against four soil-borne fun~ pathogens of potato, i. e. , Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani, F. sulphureum, and Verticillium dahliae, and its growth-promoting and resistance-inducing effects on the plants. The mycelial growth rate of fungal pathogens and the growth of melon seed radicle and plumular axis were measured after treatment with sterile CF3 culture filtrate. The growth rate and stress resistance of potato plants associated with soil and microsclerotia formation of R. solani were 53% -72.1% and 36.8% - 100%, respectively. Pretrea-tment of melon seeds by soaking in CF3 culture filtrate significantly promoted the growth of radicle and plumular axis. Application of CF3 spore powder via soil inoculation or seed coating substantially promoted potato plant growth and enhanced the plant stress resistance. In particular, the fresh weight of aboveground parts and the polyphenol oxidase activity of potato plant associated with soil inoculation of CF3 spore powder were 38.3% and 9% higher than those in the control, respectively, whereas the corre- sponding malondialdehyde content was 28.8% lower than that in the control soil. In conclusion, P. griseofulvum CF3 has great potential for biocontrol of common soil-borne fungal diseases of potato and growth promotion of the plants.

关 键 词：马铃薯 土传病害 灰黄青霉 生物防治 

分 类 号：S435.32[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S476[农业科学—植物保护]