当代知识论中的语境观——兼议朗基诺的语境经验论  

Contextual Viewpoint in Modern Theory of Knowledge:Concurrently on Longino's Contextual Empiricism

作　　者：尤洋[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学人文学院,北京100049 [2]山西大学科学技术哲学研究中心,太原030006

出　　处：《山西大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2013年第5期7-12,共6页Journal of Shanxi University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：2013年国家社科基金青年项目(13CZX021);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地自选项目(201202027);山西省高等学校哲学社会科学研究项目(2012301);山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目(2012-026);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2013M541022)

摘　　要：盖蒂尔问题的存在使得当代知识论的辩护遇到了难以克服的困难,认识论者转而寻求经验方式予以解读,并在这一过程中使用了语境解释。文章集中阐述了朗基诺的语境经验论,指出语境存在并决定了证据和假说之间的鸿沟以及语境对个体和集体的解释方式。在此基础上文章进一步地对知识产生过程中不同阶段的语境解释的结构进行了分析,指出语境具有非相对主义、主张理论对世界的映射、提倡多层次的理论结构、反对认识思维的固定的四个特征。文章最后对语境解释之于知识论的意义进行了分析,认为语境解释有助于准确把握知识的本质,有助于知识的生成和辩护,有助于当代知识论的研究深化。Modern theory of knowledge has met an insurmountable difficulty because of Gettier Problem, so the re- searchers of epistemology begin to seek empirical fashion to interpret it with the method of contextual explanation. This article expounds the content of Longino＇ s contextual empiricism and points out that the context exists and de- cides the gap between evidence and hypothesis and the explanation way for the individual and the collective. On this basis, the article analyzes the contextual explanation structures at the different stages in the process of knowledge production, pointing out that contextual explanation has such charaeteristies as non - relativism, mapping of theory on to the world, multiple levels of theory structure and opposing the fixedness of epistemologieal thinking. The article analyzes the meaning of contextual explanation to the theory of knowledge at last, pointing out that contextual expla- nation can contribute to grasping the essence of knowledge, producing and justifying the generation of knowledge and deepening the modem theory of knowledge research.

关 键 词：语境 知识论 语境经验论 语境解释 

分 类 号：N06[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]