论不可反驳的推定  

On Irrebuttable Presumption

作　　者：张海燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学法学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《法学论坛》2013年第5期66-72,共7页Legal Forum

基　　金：国家社科基金项目<实体法和程序法双重视角下的民事推定制度研究>(12BFX071);教育部社科基金项目<民事诉讼案件事实认定机制研究>(10YJC820151)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：我国学界普遍认为推定建基于基础事实和推定事实之间的高概率联系,故所有推定均可被反驳。该论断仅适用于事实推定。法律推定的创设基础除概率外还存在诸如避免诉讼僵局和追求程序便利等与概率无涉的因素,这决定了不可反驳的推定存在于法律推定领域。不可反驳的推定与法律拟制在外显状态上都具有事实的不可反驳性,但两者所含的不可反驳的事实却存在性质上的根本区别。不可反驳的推定在我国民事领域主要适用于对主体内心意思和标的物客观属性的推定。在语言表达上,应当尽可能通过"推定"语词表达法律推定,并以有无"除非受推定不利影响的一方当事人能够证明推定事实不存在"这一语言范式区分可以反驳的法律推定和不可反驳的法律推定。It is generally admitted that presumption is based on the high - probability connection between basic facts and pre- sumed facts in Chinese academic circles; therefore, all presumption can be rebutted. This argument only applies to facts pre- sumption. Besides probability, the foundation of law presumption also lies in factors that have nothing to do with probability like avoiding lawsuit deadlock as well as seeking for procedural convenience and all these factors above determine that irrebuttable presumption exists in the realm of legal presumption. The external feature of irrebuttable presumption is its irrebuttable fact, just as the same as legal fiction. However, there are some essential differences between two patterns of irrebuttable facts included in both systems. The irrehuttable presumption applies mainly to the inner expression of legal subject and the objective attribute of subject matter. Linguistically, it is advisable to express law presumption by using ＂presumption＂ and differentiate rebuttable pre- sumption and irrebutable presumption by a linguistic paradigm ＂unless the patty who is subjected to the negative effect caused by presumption can prove the nonexistence of presumed facts＂.

关 键 词：推定 事实推定 法律推定 不可反驳的推定 法律拟制 

分 类 号：D915.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]