中国油菜黑胫病害分布及病原菌鉴定  

Distribution of blackleg disease on oilseed rape in China and its pathogen identification

作　　者：李强生[1] 荣松柏[1] 胡宝成[1] 江莹芬[1] 侯树敏[1] 费维新[1] 陈凤祥[1] 吴新杰[1] 范志雄[1] 雷伟侠[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院作物研究所,安徽省农作物品质改良重点实验室,安徽合肥230031

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2013年第4期415-423,共9页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：科技部国家科技支撑计划(2010BAD01B04);国家油菜产业技术体系(CARS-13);安徽省农业科学院院长青年创新基金(13B0221)

摘　　要：2008-2012年间,对我国16个省(市、自治区)60个市(县)的冬、春油菜产区进行油菜茎基溃疡病/黑胫病的调查,从14个省的42个市(县)发现黑胫病存在,发病田块约占调查田块的10%,最重的田块发病率达92%,整株死亡率达5%。从病症表现判断,我国冬、春性油菜茎部、基部黑胫病斑与欧洲、北美油菜黑胫病病斑相似。感染病株中,假囊壳成熟时释放子囊孢子,其形态特征符合文献中对Leptosphaeria biglobosa的描述。分离纯化菌株,在PDA培养基上产生黄色至黄棕色或红棕色色素,与对照L.biglobosa菌株相似。共分离纯化了550个病原菌株,对其中的384个纯化菌株和468份感病组织样品,分别提取病原菌DNA后,采用多重PCR鉴定病原菌种类,得到L.biglobosa特异的440bp产物。结果显示,这些病原菌均为L.biglobosa。采用子叶接种的方法,检测了11个省(市、自治区)的22个菌株的致病性,结果显示,强致病力菌株有14个,中等致病力菌株有8个,除来自内蒙古海拉尔的菌株CN-21外,所有试验的中国菌株均较来自波兰的中等致病力的L.biglobosa菌株PL-Lb致病力强。本研究表明,目前黑胫病在我国油菜产区普遍存在,且在局部地区已造成较严重的危害;尚未发现引起油菜茎基溃疡病的强侵染型致病菌L.maculans。提出了防止L.maculans入侵我国的监控措施和对策。Surveys for stem canker/blackleg on oilseed rape(Brassica napus) were conducted from 60 locations throughout 16 provinces in China covering both winter and spring oilseed rape production regions during 2008 to 2012.Diseased plants were found in 42 locations from 14 provinces.One tenth of the plots were found to be blackleg-infested with up to 92% occurrence and 5% of plant death in the most severely affected plots.The disease symptom of plant was the same as that infested by Leptosphaeria biglobosa in Europe and North America.The morphological characteristics of ascospores released from pseudothecia were consistent with the description in the literature.The infected plants or plant debris with blackleg symptoms were collected and the causal fungus was isolated from the lesions.In the purified isolates,yellow to yellow brown or pink brown pigments were produced in PDA medium,which was the same to the control of L.biglobosa from Poland.Multiple PCR were used to identify 348 isolates out of 550 isolates and 468 diseased debris samples.A 440bp L.biglobosa production was detected.In vivo cotyledon inoculation results showed that all the 22 isolates tested from 11 provinces were pathogenic to B.napus and had higher pathogenicity than the control of Polish L.biglobosa isolate PL-Lb except CN-21from Hailer,Inner Mongolia.Among them,14 were highly pathogenic and 8 were moderately pathogenic.The study indicated that blackleg caused by L.biglobosa had already existed in China and caused serious yield loss in some areas.Fortunately,no aggressive L.maculans was found.Thus a strategy to prevent L.maculans spread onto oilseed rape crops in China was suggested.

关 键 词：油菜 黑胫病 分布 多重PCR 致病性 

分 类 号：S435.654[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]