突发事件对交通网络的影响评估指标和方法  

Link Importance Identification of Transportation Networks in the Emergency

作　　者：石超峰[1] 徐寅峰[2] 

机构地区：[1]重庆交通大学财经学院,重庆400074 [2]西安交通大学管理学院,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《运筹与管理》2013年第4期144-150,共7页Operations Research and Management Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(60921003;71071123);陕西省自然科学基金基础研究计划项目(2010JQ1013);陕西省教育厅科研计划项目(2010JK896)

摘　　要：近年来,由于自然灾害,不断地环境恶化以及不可预测的灾害侵袭,突发事件时有发生,突发事件可能对交通网络产生非常严重的影响。本文给出了一些指标来表征突发事件对交通网络的影响程度。这些指标适用于用户最优、系统最优以及效率损失等情形。我们给出了这些指标的性质并讨论了在用户最优、系统最优以及效率损失等情形下的指标之间的关系。交通网络的数值算例表明了关于突发事件的指标的合理性。突发事件对交通网络的影响程度评估对于道路规划、道路维护以及网络脆弱性分析均有重要意义。The poor maintenance of transportation（road） networks, natural disasters, and unforeseen attacks lead to the emergency. This paper proposes emergency impact assessment indices to evaluate the emergency effects of link in transportation（road） networks. We also construct the link importance indices that allow for the ranking of links in transportation networks in terms of their emergency importance, should they be destroyed due to the e- mergency（natural disaster, great incident, great congestion, broken-down bridge, and etc. ）. The indices are applicable in the case of user-optimization, system-optimization and efficiency loss. We give the property of the indicators and discuss the relationship between the indices in the ease of user-optimization, system-optimization and efficiency loss. Numerical transportation network examples illustrate the proposed qualitative emergency indices. The evaluation of the link importance is very important to the road plan, road maintenance and network vul- nerability analysis.

关 键 词：突发事件 交通网络 系统最优 用户最优 效率损失 

分 类 号：U491[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]