免耕施肥对两个轮作系统生产力及水分利用效率的影响  

Effect of No-Tillage Fertilization on Productivity and Water Use Efficiency of Two Cropping Rotation System

作　　者：黄茂林[1,2] 梁银丽[1,3] 韦泽秀[4] 尚金霞 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]甘肃省庆阳市经济林木工作管理站,甘肃庆阳745000 [3]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [4]西藏自治区农牧科学院农业研究所,西藏拉萨850032

出　　处：《甘肃农业科技》2013年第8期3-7,共5页Gansu Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：中国科学院西部行动计划项目(KZCX2-XB2-05-01)部分内容;国家科技支撑项目(2006BAD09B07)部分内容;中国科学院安塞站和中国科学院水土保持研究所领域前沿项目(SW04302)部分内容

摘　　要：依托陕西安塞旱作农区田间小区试验,通过2 a定位观测,分析了传统翻耕施化肥(CF)、翻耕施有机肥(CM)、翻耕不施肥(CN)、免耕施化肥(NF)、免耕施有机肥(NM)、免耕不施肥(NN)6个处理对大豆—玉米、红小豆—马铃薯两个轮作系统生产力及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,免耕保墒蓄水的生态经济效用存在一定的降水量范围,在这个范围内,免耕比翻耕保墒效果好,免耕下4种作物均表现出较好的生态经济效益,马铃薯、红小豆、玉米以NF较优,而大豆以NM较优。在低于免耕效用降水量最低临界值下,4种作物经济效益都以施肥较优,施肥下以免耕略优,但与翻耕一般无显著差异。在水分利用效率方面,免耕施肥略优。在6种处理和两个轮作系统下,4种常见作物的经济产量从大到小依次为马铃薯、玉米、大豆、红小豆,玉米、马铃薯、红小豆3种作物在陕北黄土丘陵沟壑旱作农区的较优耕作管理方式为NF,其次是大豆NM。According to the experiments in dry farming region of plot in Shaanxi Ansai, analysis the effect of six treatments with conventional tillage fertilizer （CF）, tillage organic manure （CM）, tillage no fertilizer （CN）; no-tillage fertilizer （NF）, no- tillage organic fertilizer （NM）, no- tillage no fertilizer （NN） on productivity and water use efficiency of two cropping rotation system with soybean - corn, Red Bean - potato by two years positioning observation. The results showed that the utility of ecological economic of no-tillage soil moisture water being rainfall range, within this range, the effect of soil moisture of no-tillage is better than tillage, can improve yield; four kinds of crops all showed less good ecological and economic benefits under no-tillage, the ecological and economic benefits of potato, red bean and corn all showed optimum under NF, and soybean showed optimum under NM. Under the lowest threshold of rainfall below the utility of no-tillage, four kinds of crops of economic benefits all excellent fertilizer better, no-tillage fertilizer was excellent fertilizer slightly better, but no significant difference between tillage; the water use efficiency of no-tillage fertilizer was slightly better. Under six treatments and two rotation system, the economic production of four kinds of common crops in hilly and gully region of Loess in northern Shaanxi： potato〉 corn〉 soybean〉 Red Bean, three crops of corn, potato and red bean under NF was better farming management in Loess Hilly and Gully dry farming region of Shaanxi, soybean under NM was better fanning management.

关 键 词：免耕施肥 轮作系统 生产力 水分利用效率 黄土丘陵沟壑区 

分 类 号：S157.4[农业科学—土壤学]