相对论形式下安培力的微观解释  

The microscopic explanation of Ampere force in the relativistic approximation

作　　者：罗坚义[1] 陈飞[1] 张瑀[2] 

机构地区：[1]五邑大学应用物理与材料学院,广东江门529020 [2]中山大学物理科学与工程技术学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《大学物理》2013年第8期17-20,共4页College Physics

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金(52011040000636);广东高校优秀青年创新人才培养计划(LYM11123)项目资助

摘　　要：从通电金属棒间安培力微观解释的传统观点出发,引出是否会出现在某个惯性参考系中相对静止同号电荷相互吸引的疑问.为了解答这个疑问,首先推导出相对论下的洛伦兹力,并把它应用于计算两个运动点电荷之间的电磁力,证明了在任何惯性系下相对静止的两个同号电荷不可能出现相互吸引的现象.最后,通过考虑金属棒中与电子等量的异号电荷的影响,对两根通电金属棒之间的安培力给出了一种比较全面的微观解释.According to the microscdpic explanation of Ampere force in the traditional physics textbooks, a consequent question came from whether exists a certain inertial references system in which two relatively static homo -charges will attract each other. In order to find this, the Lorentz force formula in the relativistic approximation is firstly deduced, and then which is applied to the calcuiation of the electromagnetic force between two motion char- ges which are relative to each other stationary. Our results demonstrate that the attraction phenomenon between two relative static homo-charges should not occur in anyone inertial references system. By considering the influence of the equivalent opposite sign charges on the interaction force between two electricity metal conductors, a more com- prehensive microscopic explanation of Ampere force is proposed.

关 键 词：安培力 洛伦兹力 同号电荷 电磁场力 

分 类 号：O441[理学—电磁学]