一个马铃薯种质资源圃致病疫霉群体的分析  

Population analysis of Phytophthora infestans collected from a potato germplasm nursery

作　　者：马云芳[1] 孙洁平[1] 马丽杰[1] 权军利[1] 单卫星[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学植物保护学院旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《菌物学报》2013年第5期802-811,共10页Mycosystema

基　　金：国家公益性行业科研专项(No.200903004-38);国家科技支撑计划(No.2009BADC5B04);国家现代农业产业技术体系(No.CARS-10)

摘　　要：由致病疫霉Phytophthora infestans引起的晚疫病是马铃薯生产上最严重的病害之一,认识其群体结构特征,可为晚疫病防控策略的制定以及抗病品种的合理布局提供指导。对2009年采自宁夏一个种植有93个品种(品系)的马铃薯种质资源圃的致病疫霉进行了交配型、致病型和线粒体DNA单倍型分析,结果表明,116个致病疫霉菌株中存在A1、A2和自育型3种交配型,发生频率分别为24.1%、57.8%和18.1%,A2交配型为优势类型;对其中43个菌株的致病型进行测试,检测到两种致病类型:1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11和3.4.10,发生频率分别为95.3%和4.7%,可克服所有11个抗病基因的1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11类型占绝对优势;对62个菌株的线粒体DNA单倍型进行分析,检测到Ia和IIa两种类型,发生频率分别为74.2%和25.8%。综合表型和基因型数据分析发现,该马铃薯种质资源圃中致病疫霉群体致病型单一,但致病型毒力因子高度复合;线粒体DNA分析表明,该马铃薯种质资源圃引入了遗传背景较为复杂的致病疫霉"新"群体。Potato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is one of the most serious diseases in potato production Understanding the genetic structure of pathogen population will aid development of disease control strategy and deployment of resistant varieties. In 2009 the genetic diversity of P. infestans population was investigated in a potato germplasm nursery growing 93 cultivars and lines. A total of 116 single-lesion isolates were purified and characterized for mating types, and some isolates were ai,alyzed for pathotypes and mitochondrial DNA haplotypes. The results showed that percentages of mating types A1, A2 and self-fertility were 24.1%, 57.8% and 18.1%, respectively, of which mating type A2 was dominant in the population. Only two pathotypes, named 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11 and 3.4.10, were detected in the examined 43 isolates, and their percentages were 95.3% and 4.7%, respectively. The mitochondrial DNA analysis of 62 isolates showed the presence of haplotypes Ia and IIa, which account for 74.2% and 25.8% respectively. The phenotypic and genotypic data indicated the presence of few P. infestans pathotypes but their virulence factors were very complex. The presence of Ia and IIa mitochondrial DNA haplotypes suggests the introduction of genetically complicated ＂new＂ P. infestans populations in the germplasm nursery.

关 键 词：致病疫霉 交配型 致病型 线粒体DNA单倍型 马铃薯晚疫病 

分 类 号：S435.32[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]