黑龙江省黑土区大豆测土配方施肥指标体系的建立  

Establishing Fertilization Recommendation Index of Soybean in Black Soil Region of Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：孙景玲[1] 魏丹[2] 马星竹[2] 刘德志 郭文义[4] 刘晓莉[1] 鹿文成[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院黑河分院,黑龙江黑河164300 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [3]黑龙江省土壤肥料管理站,黑龙江哈尔滨150036 [4]沈阳军区空军后勤部克东农副业生产基地,黑龙江克山161000

出　　处：《大豆科学》2013年第4期512-516,共5页Soybean Science

基　　金：国家大豆产业技术体系2013年度重点任务(CARS-04-CES01);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303126);黑龙江省科技支撑计划(GC12B102)

摘　　要：为了探究黑龙江省黑土区大豆推荐施肥量,通过多年多点的"3414"田间试验数据统计分析,初步建立了该区测土配方施肥指标体系。结果表明:(1)土壤氮素(碱解氮)以相对产量75%、80%、85%和90%,磷素(有效磷)和钾素(速效钾)以相对产量75%、85%、90%和95%为界限划分为低、较低、中、较高和高5个肥力等级;(2)各肥力等级的最佳施肥量:N为41.7～43.4,36.3～41.7,28.4～36.3,26.1～28.4和0～26.1 kg.hm-2;P2O5为51.0～62.0,47.7～51.0,38.9～47.7,33.9～38.9和0～33.9 kg.hm-2;K2O为55.4～64.1,51.2～55.4,43.2～51.2,35.4～43.2和0～35.4 kg.hm-2;(3)各肥力等级最佳施肥量比不施肥分别增收:N为1 270.6～1 387.6,681.9～1 270.6,357.3～681.9,279.9～357.3和0～279.9元.hm-2;P2O5为856.9～1 101.3,729.3～856.9,347.6～729.3,221.2～347.6和0～221.2元.hm-2;K2O为444.1～739.5,382.1～444.1,266.2～382.1,184.6～266.2和0～184.6元.hm-2;(4)最佳施肥量农学利用率:N为9.5～9.9,6.3～9.5,4.7～6.3,4.2～4.7和0～4.2;P2O5为6.1～6.3,5.6～6.1,3.9～5.6,3.3～3.9和0～3.3;K2O为4.0～4.9,3.8～4.0,3.4～3.8,3.2～3.4和0～3.2。In order to explore the fertilizer recommendation of soybean cropping system in the black soil area of the Northeast China, Heilongjiang Province ,fertilization index system were established according to the ＇3414＇ fertilizer trails which carried out in many locations for many years. The results showed as follows ： （ 1 ） Soil fertility level were divided 5 grades of low, relatively low, middle, relatively high and high, based on the relative soybean seed yield of 75% ,80% ,85% and 90% for available nitrogen, and 75% , 85 % ,90% and 95 % for available phosphorus and potassium, respectively. （ 2 ）The optimum amount of fertilization of different fertility grades from low to high were 41. 7-43. 4, 36. 3-41. 7, 28. 4-36. 3, 26. 1-28. 4 and 0-26.1 kg＇ha-l for N,51. 0-62. 0,47. 7-51. 0 ,38. 9-47. 7 ,33. 9-38. 9 and 0-33.9 kg.ha -i for P205,55.4-64.1,51.2-55.4, 43.2-51.2,35.4-43.2 and 0-35.4 kg. ha-1 for K2O. （ 3 ） The increase income of different fertility grades were 1 270.6- 1 387.6,681.9-1 270.6,357.3-681.9,279.9-357.3,0-279.9 yuan . ha -1 for pure N ; 856.9-1 101.3,729.3-856.9,347.6- 729.3,221.2-347.6 and 0-221.2 yuan. ha - 1 for P2O5 ; and 444.1-739.5,382.1 AA4. 1,266. 2-382. 1,184. 6-266. 2 and 0-184.6 yuan.ha -1 for K2O. （4） The agronomic efficiency of the optimum recommended fertilizer rate were 9.5-9.9,6.3-9.5, 4.7-6.3,4.2-4.7 and 0-4.2 for N;6.1-6.3,5.6-6.1,3.9-5.6,3.3-3.9 and 0-3.3 for P205 ;and 4.0-4.9,3.8-4.0,3.4- 3.8,3.2-3.4 and 0-3.2 for K2O.

关 键 词：大豆 “3414”肥料试验 施肥量 产量 经济效益 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]