走向半外交关系:1950-1954年的中英建交谈判  

Toward the Formation of Semi-Diplomatic Relations: Anglo-Chinese Negotiations for the Purpose of Establishing Diplomatic Relations,1950-1954

作　　者：徐友珍[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学历史学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《史学集刊》2013年第5期85-94,共10页Collected Papers of History Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究2007年度一般项目"英国与亚洲冷战格局的形成"(07JA70016)的中期成果

摘　　要：英国谋求与新中国建交以维护其在华利益,并推进其远东政策,但在与台湾国民党当局的关系问题上态度含糊。中国坚持建交必经谈判,旨在彰显独立自主与平等互利的外交理念,并维护领土主权完整。在1950-1954年的谈判过程中,中国主导着谈判进程,其对谈判的态度经由先期的恪守原则转向后期的灵活务实,但基本践行了既定的外交目标与理念,并在美国为首的西方阵营内部打开了一个缺口。英国以务实态度应对谈判,但处处受到美国掣肘,未能实现建交预期,但亦保持了在华有限存在与部分既得利益,并成为西方大国与新中国建立官方关系的先行者。中英代办级关系的建立亦为西方大国在中美敌对时期观察和对话中国开了一扇窗口。The United Kingdom sought to establish diplomatic relations with revolutionary China in order to keep her interests in China and further her Far East policies but adopted an ambiguous attitude toward the rem- nants of Kuomintang in Taiwan. The People＇s Republic of China （PRC） insisted that negotiations be a precon- dition for the establishment of formal diplomatic relations, whose main aims were to demonstrate such diplo- matic perceptions as independence, equality, mutual benefit and mutual respect for territorial integrity and sovereignty. During those negotiations from 1950 to 1954, the PRC played a dominant role, but went through a change from rigid attitudes to flexible ones, which generally stood for the aims and perceptions of Chinese diplomacy, and also made a breach from the Western bloc. Restricted by Washington, London was not able to establish full diplomatic relations with the PRC. Nonetheless, Britain dealt with those talks with a realistic atti- tude, which won actual benefits for herself, such as limited existence and some vested interests in China, a forerunner in establishing official relations with the PRC among western Powers. The establishment of semi - diplomatic relations between the U. K. and the PRC opened a window for the westerners to observe and talk to the Chinese when China was cut off from major powers.

关 键 词：中英关系 新中国外交 日内瓦会议 艾登 周恩来 

分 类 号：D829[政治法律—政治学]