中国特有植物喜树的雌性不育形态解剖学研究  

Morphological and Anatomical Study on Female Sterility in Camptotheca acuminata Decne.

作　　者：张德兴[1] 胡灵芝[1] 肖文婷[1] 倪小路[1] 胡江琴[1] 

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学生命与环境科学学院,杭州310036

出　　处：《植物研究》2013年第5期546-552,共7页Bulletin of Botanical Research

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金项目(Y3100241)

摘　　要：为阐明雌性不育与喜树(Camptotheca acuminata Decne.)开花期花序大量掉落的关系,本文采用数码体视显微镜及石蜡切片技术,对各个发育时期的喜树的花进行解剖学观察。喜树花均为两性花,雄蕊发育正常,雌蕊柱头有三种不同形态,即上位、中位和下位;柱头上位的小花,花柱伸长正常,柱头三裂,外翻,子房膨大,胚珠饱满,胚囊发育正常;柱头中位的小花,雌蕊选择性败育,柱头和花柱伸长缓慢,柱头外翻异常,局部子房细胞液泡化,胚珠退化,胚囊发育异常;柱头下位的小花,花柱退化,柱头不露,珠被细胞发育异常,大孢子母细胞未能减数分裂,胚珠萎缩,子房外形瘦长,室内中空。喜树雌性器官的发育与其柱头在子房上的表现形态有着严格的对应关系,雌性不育发生于大孢子母细胞减数分裂前后,而且雌性不育是喜树花序掉落的内部原因之一。In order to ascertain the relationship between female sterility and serious obscission occurred on inflorescenees of Camptotheca acuminata Decne. , paraffin sectioning and digital stered microscope were applied for the observation of development process of the florets in C. acuminata. The florets of C. acuminata are hermaphroditic, and all of the stamens develop in normal. The stigmas have three shapes of superior stigma, half-inferior stigma, and inferior stigma. In the floret with superior stigma, the pistil develops in normal, and the style elongates with three-lobed and everted stigma, and the ovary enlarges with plump ovule and developmental embryo sac. In the floret with half-inferior stigma, the pistil has selectivity abortion, and the style elongates slowly with abnormal stigma, and the part of ovary cells become vacuolization with the degenerated ovule and abnormal embryo sac. In the floret with inferior stigma, the style degenerates, and the stigma inside ovary does not reveal, the cells of integument are depauperate, the megaspore mother cell can not meiosis, the ovule is depauperate, the morphology of ovary is thin-long and interior employ. A strictly corresponding relation was found between the development of pistil and the different morphology of stigma on ovary, and the abortion of pistil begins before or after the meiosis of megaspore mother Cell, and the female sterility is one of internal causes of serious inforescence obscission in C. acuminata.

关 键 词：喜树 特有植物 雌性不育 形态学 解剖学 

分 类 号：Q944.5[生物学—植物学]