青少年女子曲棍球运动员赛前过度训练特征及对策研究  

Characteristics and Countermeasures of Young Female Hockey Players Pre-Competition Overtraining

作　　者：武斌[1] 樊晋华 张斌 冯连世[4] 盛蕾[5] 

机构地区：[1]无锡科技职业学院,江苏无锡214028 [2]无锡市体育科学研究所,江苏无锡214072 [3]无锡市锡山区体校,江苏无锡214191 [4]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061 [5]江苏省体育科学研究所,江苏南京210033

出　　处：《沈阳体育学院学报》2013年第4期110-113,121,共5页Journal of Shenyang Sport University

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划重点项目--潜优势项目专项训练监控系统的研究子课题(项目编号为2006BAK37B05)

摘　　要：采用血细胞计数法、化学发光法、体质测试法、电阻抗法等,对备战江苏省第十七届运动会的21名青少年女子曲棍球运动员全年各主要训练阶段的生理生化指标及运动能力进行了系统的监测和分析。结果认为:1)冬训效果较好,运动员身体机能及运动能力全面提升,说明教练员冬训掌控能力较强。2)赛前有明显的过度训练症状,其特征为运动员生理生化指标及身体素质和专项能力指标长时间处于低迷状态,伤病增多,教练员训练计划不能正常实施。分析原因与赛前对青少年运动员技战术期望值过高,从而导致训练要求过高,赛前专项训练和无氧训练负荷比例过大,在体能消耗大及心理压力大的情况下,运动员一段儿时间内过度疲劳而得不到有效恢复。建议:教练员要遵循青少年生长发育规律,结合项目特征,科学安排赛前的身体、技战术、心理训练,尤其重视"恢复"训练、准备活动和整理活动,敢"练"敢"调"。在有限的条件下加大训练监控力度。In this thesis we monitored and analyzed 21 young female hockey players＇ physiological and biochemical inde- xes as well as athletic abilities systematically in main training periods of the year who were preparing for provincial game through different methods, such as cytometry, chemiluminescence ,physical fitness test and impedance. Results：（ 1 ）Winter training had a better result, players＇ physical qualities and specialized abilities had been improved significantly,indicating that coaches had good control ability in the winter training. （2）There were obvious symptoms of over-training in the pre- competition period. The characteristics were that players＇ physiological and biochemical indexes, physical qualifies and spe- cialized abilities were at fairly low levels for a long time, damages induced by exercise were increasing, coaches couldn＇ t carry out training programs normally. The reason might be that higher expectations were placed in players＇ technique and tactics before completion, which led to higher demand in training and larger proportion of specialized and anaerobic train- ing, in the condition of physical abilities consumed largely and mental stress aggravated badly, players became over fatigue but couldnn＇ t recover effectively. Suggestions ： Coaches should follow the law of somatopsychic development of the teen- agers, combine with project characteristics, arrange trainings of body, mentality, technique and tactic scientifically before competition. They should pay special attention to recovery training, warm-up and coding-down exercise. Coaches are not only good at training players ,but also do well in adjusting training programs and devotint greater effort to the supervision and administration under the limited conditions.

关 键 词：青少年 曲棍球 过度训练 特征 对策 

分 类 号：G849.1[文化科学—体育训练]