刺参-对虾复合养殖系统主要营养盐动态变化及循环过程的研究  

Dynamic Change and Circulation of Nutrients in Polyculture System of Sea Cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) and Shrimp(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)

作　　者：于海波[1] 高勤峰[1] 孙永军 董双林[1] 傅秀娟 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266003 [2]好当家集团有限公司,山东荣成264305 [3]崂山区海洋与渔业局,山东青岛266061

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第9期25-32,共8页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31172426);国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD13B03);国家星火计划项目(2012GA740001);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(NCET20110466)资助

摘　　要：2011年4～9月期间对养殖系统N、P营养盐含量进行连续采样分析,比较刺参单养(S池塘)和刺参-对虾复合养殖(SS池塘)2种模式养殖系统水体、沉积物、底泥营养盐的动态变化及循环过程。结果表明,水体中总氮(TN)含量为:S池塘(1.16±0.13)～(2.64±0.09)mg·L-1;SS池塘(1.24±0.08)～(2.55±0.09)mg·L-1。水体中总磷(TP)含量为:S池塘(0.03±0.01)～(0.08±0.01)mg·L-1;SS池塘(0.03±0.01)～(0.09±0.02)mg·L-1。水体中总无机氮(DIN)含量为:S池塘(0.10±0.03)～(0.32±0.05)mg·L-1;SS池塘(0.16±0.03)～(0.45±0.02)mg·L-1。3种营养盐浓度并未随着养殖活动的进行而持续升高,反而下降,说明这2种养殖模式均不会增加养殖水体营养盐负荷。2个池塘底泥的TN、TP含量从实验开始到结束均未发生显著变化(P>0.05),说明这2种养殖模式均不会增加养殖池塘底泥N、P营养盐的积累。各营养盐指标相关分析结果显示,两池塘底泥氨氮与水体氨氮呈显著负相关(P<0.05),说明氨氮在池塘底泥与水体之间存在交换作用,并且刺参和对虾的扰动作用可能促进这一交换过程。8和9月刺参处于夏眠期,SS池塘水体颗粒氮(PN)显著低于S池塘(P<0.05),水体颗粒物的沉积通量也相对增大,底泥氨氮含量显著低于S池塘(P<0.05),而水体氨氮、DIN、TN浓度均高于S池塘,说明刺参-对虾复合养殖池塘中,因混养对虾的生物沉积与扰动作用,加强了养殖系统内水体与底泥之间的偶联作用,加快了营养盐的循环过程,防止营养盐在底泥的连续积累造成的养殖环境恶化。The N and P content in water and sediment of aquaculture system were investigated from April 2011 to September 2011. Effect of sea cucumber monoculture （pond S） and sea cucumber-shrimp polyculture （pond SS） on the dynamic change and circulation of the nutrients were determined. The average content of total nitrogen （TN） was （1. 16±0.13）-（2. 64±0.09）mg·L^-1in pond S and （1.24±0.08）-（2.55±0.09）mg·L^-1in pond SS, while that of total phosphorus （TP） was （0.03±0.01）-（0.08±0.01 mg·L^-1 in pond S and （0.03±0.01）-（0.09±0.02） mg·L^-1 in pond SS. The average content of dissolved inorganic nitrogen （DIN） was （0. 10±0. 03）^（0. 32±0. 05）mg·L^-1 in pond S and （0. 16±0.03）-（0.45±0.02） mg·L^-1 in pond SS. These three indicators significantly decreased at late experimental stage, which was discrepant to other models in which animals were fed, indicating that our models did not load nutrients to water. TN and TP in the sediment of two ponds did not change significantly after experiment （P^0.05）, indicating that our model did not accumulate N and P nutrients in sediment. Cor- relation analysis showed that ammonium in sediment and water significantly correlated in a negative man- ner （P^0.05）, indicating that bioturbation promoted the exchange of nutrients between sediment and wa- ter. In August and SeptemBer, the content of PN in water and the ammonium in sediment of pond SS were significantly lower than those in pond S （P^0.05）, and the sedimentary flux of suspended particulate matter in water relatively increased in pond SS, while the concentration of TN and DIN in water of pond SS were higher than those in pond S, indicating that the polyculture of sea cucumber with shrimp acceler- ated the transportation of nutrients among units of culture system, and prevented deterioration of under- water environment due to excessive accumulation of nutrients in sediment, making the nutrients dynamically change and virtuously cycle, and more nutrie

关 键 词：刺参 中国对虾 复合养殖 营养盐 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]