圈养大熊猫对乌哺鸡竹笋营养成分的表观消化率  

Apparent Digestibility of Nutrient Components of Phyllostachys vivax Shoots Intaken by Captive Giant Panda

作　　者：周昌平[1,2] 李小娟[1] 刘长国[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室培育基地,浙江临安311300 [2]安吉县竹子博览园有限责任公司,浙江安吉313311

出　　处：《竹子研究汇刊》2013年第1期9-15,共7页Journal of Bamboo Research

基　　金：浙江省公益项目(2011C22020)资助

摘　　要：采用全收粪法研究了圈养大熊猫对乌哺鸡竹笋营养成分的表观消化率。研究表明:(1)大熊猫对乌哺鸡竹笋中粗蛋白、粗脂肪的平均表观消化率分别为85.64%±3.08%、77.55%±5.56%。不论成体还是亚成体,雄性个体对粗蛋白的消化率都高于雌性个体;此外,雄性亚成体蜀琳对粗脂肪的消化效率显著高于其它3只大熊猫(P<0.05)。(2)大熊猫蜀琳、科琳和安安对半纤维素、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的平均表观消化率分别为11.72%±5.60%、8.53%±2.76%、4.69%±2.51%,说明大熊猫具有一定的纤维素消化利用能力;不过老龄成体大熊猫吉吉几乎不能消化半纤维素、NDF、ADF。(3)大熊猫对乌哺鸡竹笋中常量矿质元素的平均表观消化率由高至低依次为P、Ca、Na、K、Mg,即70.23%±9.25%、66.42%±8.84%、47.74%±17.69%、45.65%±17.63%、43.04%±11.39%;相应地,对微量矿质元素的消化效率依次为Zn、Cu、Mn、Fe,即45.07%±12.12%、36.80%±15.20%、32.85%±15.53%、23.81%±12.32%。老龄大熊猫吉吉对P和K的消化效率显著高于其它3只大熊猫(P<0.05),但是对于Ca的消化率却最低(P<0.05);此外,2只亚成体对Cu的消化利用率均低于成体大熊猫。上述结果将为评价、筛选优质大熊猫主食竹提供参考。Apparent digestibility of nutrient components of Ph. Vivax shoots intaken by captive giant panda was studied based on feces collection. The results showed that the average apparent digestibility of crude protein and fat were 85.64% ± 3.08% and 77.55% ± 5.56% respectively. No matter adult or subaduh giant panda, the males performed better than females in digestibility of crude protein. Furthermore, Shulin, the male subadult, did significantly better than the other three giant panda in digestibility of crude fat. For three giant panda under observation, i.e. Shulin, Kelin and An＇an, their average apparent digestibility of hemicellulose, neutral detergent fiber （NDF） and acid detergent fiber （ADF） were 11.72% ± 5.60%, 8.53% _± 2.76% and 4.69% _± 2.51% respectively, indicating giant panda might digest cellulose to some extent. However, Jiji, the old one under study, was almost unable to digest above three types of components. Their average apparent digestibility of P, Ca, Na, K and Mg were 70. 23% ±9.25% ,66.42% ± 8.84% ,47.74% ± 17.69% ,45.65% ± 17.63% and 43.04% ± 11.39% respectively. While, that of trace elements Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe were 45.07% ± 12. 12%,36. 80% ± 15.20%, 32. 85% ± 15.53% and 23.81% ± 12. 32% respectively. The old adult, Jiji, performed better than the other three giant panda in digestibility of P and K （P 〈 0. 05 ）, but weaker than the others in digestibility of Ca （P 〈 0. 05 ）. Moreover, two subadults were weaker in digestibility of Cu than adult ones. These results may provide reference for the evaluation and screening of high quality staple food bamboo of giant panda.

关 键 词：大熊猫 乌哺鸡竹笋 营养成分 表观消化率 

分 类 号：S795[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S865[农业科学—林学]