美国教育政策制定中的公共价值取向分析——从“不让一个孩子掉队法案”到“力争上游计划”  

Analyzing the Public Value Orientation in the Stipulation of Educational Policies in the US——From“No Chind Left Behind Act”to“Race to the Top Funding Plan”

作　　者：郝永林[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学教育学院,北京100872

出　　处：《教育理论与实践》2013年第9期16-20,共5页Theory and Practice of Education

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金项目(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)<示范高职院校问责机制研究>(项目编号13XNH088)的研究成果

摘　　要：公平、效率、优异和选择的公共价值取向深深地扎根于美国的教育政策中。从"不让一个孩子掉队"法案(NCLB法案)到"力争上游计划"是小布什政府和奥巴马政府时期最为典型的教育政策。这两个教育政策的实施也是共和党和民主党多年来妥协、博弈的结果。NCLB法案突出了对于优异的偏好,忽视了公平的价值观;"力争上游计划"则是通过最大的财政拨款制度提升学校的效率和基于市场逻辑的价值选择。总体来说,美国不同时期教育政策的出发点都是公平和效率。NCLB法案和"力争上游计划"都显示了美国政府对于教育权力的不断加强,导致了学校治理结构的变化。公共价值取向对于教育政策的制定产生了重要的影响。The public values of fairness, efficiency, excellence and choice are deeply rooted in the educational policies of the United States. The ＂No Child Left Behind Act＂（NCLB ） and ＂Race to the Top Funding Plan＂ are the two most typical educational policies of George W. Bush and the Obama administration and the implementation of them are also the game results of the Republican Party and the Democratic Party over the years. ＂No Child Left Behind Act＂ ignores the value of equity while highlighting the preference to the outstanding; whereas the ＂Race to the Top Funding Plan＂ is aimed at en- hancing the efficiency of schools and the value of choice based on the logic of markets through the largest financial alloca- tion program. Overall, the starting points of education policies in the different periods are equity and efficiency. ＂No Child Left Behind Act＂ and ＂Race to the Top Funding Plan＂ both show that the federal government is increasing its educational power, thus resulting in the change of school governance structure and the important impact public values have on the for- mulation of educational policies.

关 键 词：美国教育政策 NCLB法案 “力争上游计划” 公共价值取向 

分 类 号：G40-011[文化科学—教育学原理]