岩溶槽谷区孢粉沉积特征初步研究——以重庆青木关为例  

A Preliminary Study on Deposit Characteristics of Spore-Pollen in Karst Valleys——A Case Study of Qingmuguan,Chongqing

作　　者：赵增友[1,2] 罗伦德[1] 石胜强[1] 张德怀[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学地理科学学院,重庆400715 [2]六盘水师范学院环境与资源科学系,贵州六盘水553000

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第8期108-115,共8页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：重庆市科委院士基金资助项目(CSTC;2010BC7004);西南大学青年基金资助项目(SWU208001);西南大学创新基金资助项目(KY2011004)

摘　　要：为分析岩溶槽谷区孢粉沉积特征对岩溶槽谷区第四纪环境演化的影响,对研究区8个样点共16个表土、苔藓样及一个土壤剖面的7个样进行研究,结果发现:①岩溶槽坡、坡顶孢粉组合主要由松属、杉属等次生林及蕨类植物组成.谷底农田生态类型主要以松属、水稻、禾本科草类、蒿属、里白为主.松属花粉在封闭槽谷中具有超代表性,说明地形、地貌对孢粉散布具有重要影响.②苔藓更容易捕捉风媒花粉,但受距离的影响.③从孢粉浓度来看,槽坡上松、杉林中苔藓样的孢粉浓度基本上要小于表层土样的浓度,而槽谷农田中苔藓样的孢粉浓度基本上要大于表层土样的浓度;槽坡生态类型孢粉浓度要大于农田生态类型的孢粉浓度.④土壤剖面除里白属外其它孢粉类型孢粉含量随着深度的增加而迅速减少,而里白属逐渐上升到85%～95%之间,这种孢子大小在27～34μm之间,说明这种淋滤有选择性.The mechanisms for pollen deposit are complicated and are affected by both nature and human activities.This is true,especially,in Karst valleys where human activity is intense.Finding out the mechanisms for pollen deposit in Karst valleys has great significance in the research of quaternary environmental evolution in such regions.In the present research,16 topsoil and moss samples collected from 8 sites and 7 samples from a soil profile were investigated.On the slope and the top of the valley,the pollen assemblage was mainly composed of Pinus,Cunninghamia and ferns,while in the farmland ecosystem at its bottom the pollen assemblage was mainly composed of Pinus,Oryza sativa,Poaceae,Atemisia and Hicriopteris.Pinus is over-represented in the closed small basin,indicating that topography has an important influence on pollen spreading.Moss was found to have a strong ability to capture anemophilous pollen,which,however,was affected by disperse distance.The pollen concentration of the topsoil samples was much higher than that of the moss samples in the uphill woods,but lower than that of the moss samples in the valley farmland.The pollen concentration of both moss and soil samples in the uphill woods was higher than that of the samples from the valley farmland.The contents of all spore pollen-types decreased with increasing soil depth,with the exception of Hicriopteris spores,which increased up to 85-95% with soil depth.The Hicriopteris spore size was generally 27-34 μm in size,indicating that the sandy loam soil leaches spore-pollen selectively.

关 键 词：孢粉 岩溶槽谷 表土 苔藓 土壤剖面 

分 类 号：Q949.783.5[生物学—植物学]