从常识的历史学到构造的历史学——以柯林武德的历史哲学为中心  

From Common-sense History to Constructive History:A Discussion of R.G.Collingwood's Philosophy of History

作　　者：顾晓伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史系,上海200433

出　　处：《史学史研究》2013年第3期65-74,共10页Journal of Historiography

摘　　要：历史想象是当代叙述主义历史哲学的核心问题。本文尝试以柯林武德的历史哲学作为切入点,探讨他关于历史想象的观点。在《历史的想象》一文中,柯林武德区分出三种形态的历史学:(1)常识的历史学,对应于记忆和权威;(2)批判的历史学,对应于推论和批判;(3)构造的历史学,对应于想象和构造。这不仅是他对近代西方历史学发展过程的总结,而且是他整个历史哲学的构成要素。所以,柯林武德在讨论历史想象的问题时,并没有简单地将其与诗性想象等同起来,既看到它们在形式上的统一性,又认识到它们在内容上的差异性。他对历史学自律性的辩护,不是将其看作是自然科学,同样也不是艺术,而是从历史思维的高度来论证历史学作为一门理性探究活动的正当性和普遍性。Historical imagination is a core problem of the contemporary narrativist philosophy of history. This article attempts to discuss Collingwood＇s views of historical imagination. In the text of The Historical Imagination, Collin corresponding to the memory gwood distinguishes three forms of history： （1）Common-sense history, and authority; （2）Critical history, corresponding to the inference and criticism; （3）Constructive history, corresponding to the imagination and construction. This is not only the summary of the development of modern western history, but also reflects his whole philosophy of history. He not only points out the similarities between historical imagination and poetic imagination in the form, but also the differences in the content. In his defense of the self-discipline of history, he does not regard it as natural science or art, but highlights its legitimacy and universality as a rational discipline.

关 键 词：历史记忆 历史推论 历史想象 历史思维 

分 类 号：K091[历史地理—历史学]