视网膜假体的研究进展  

Advanced research on the retinal prosthesis

作　　者：储三军[1] 徐海峰[2] 

机构地区：[1]青岛大学医学院,山东266021 [2]山东省眼科研究所,青岛266071

出　　处：《国际眼科纵览》2013年第4期256-260,共5页International Review of Ophthalmology

基　　金：中国工程院咨询课题（2012-XY-20）

摘　　要：目前视网膜假体是所有视觉假体中研究最成熟、最广泛的一种,其研究目标是帮助失明患者恢复有用视力,尤其针对因视网膜色素变性和年龄相关性黄斑变性等致视力丧失者.依电刺激部位不同,视网膜假体分为视网膜上假体和视网膜下假体.前者通过玻璃体手术将微电极植入并固定于视网膜上;后者通过巩膜途径或玻璃体途径将微电极置于视网膜神经上皮层和视网膜色素上皮层之间.近年来对视网膜上假体的阵列电极、刺激电流等进行了改进;对视网膜下假体的芯片、供能方式等做了改进.有望为不可逆盲者提供帮助.At present,retinal prosthesis implant has become the most successful prosthesis technology among all kinds of visual prosthesis.The goal of the related research is providing useful vision for those patients who are left with no alternatives,especially for those who have retinitis pigmentosa or age-related macular degeneration diseases.In accordance with the electrical stimulation position,retinal prosthesis can be divided into epiretinal and subretinal prosthesis.The former implants the microelectrode in the retina through the vitreous surgery.The latter implants the microelectrode between the retinal nerve epithelium and retinal pigment epithelium by sclera or vitreous pathway.In recent years,electrode array and stimulated current of the epiretinal prosthesis was improved.Scientists also developed the chips and the energy supply form of the subretinal prosthesis and expected their efforts could help blind people.

关 键 词：视觉假体 视网膜假体 视网膜上假体 视网膜下假体 

分 类 号：R774.1[医药卫生—眼科]